{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:F7ZSXRESIFQFKEFGMR2KFK7MI2","short_pith_number":"pith:F7ZSXRES","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2102.07052","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2021-02-14T02:41:39Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SY","eess.SY"],"title_canon_sha256":"c16549f01c084c0131b0e3b3ca5388a79d7f96a3b26ddd17db3e5ea68b32aa33","abstract_canon_sha256":"552c3f0f5dcc3bc109145bcaedcaaba9746d53b656d80b527d203b92742652e6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2ff32bc49241605510a66474a2abec4690c40ffbfee7c1d1d919a464243ee8c6","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2102.07052","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2102.07052","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:17:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2102.07052v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:17:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2102.07052","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:17:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"F7ZSXRESIFQF","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:17:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"F7ZSXRESIFQFKEFG","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:17:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"F7ZSXRES","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:17:50Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:F7ZSXRESIFQFKEFGMR2KFK7MI2","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2102.07052","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2021-02-14T02:41:39Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SY","eess.SY"],"title_canon_sha256":"c16549f01c084c0131b0e3b3ca5388a79d7f96a3b26ddd17db3e5ea68b32aa33","abstract_canon_sha256":"552c3f0f5dcc3bc109145bcaedcaaba9746d53b656d80b527d203b92742652e6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2ff32bc49241605510a66474a2abec4690c40ffbfee7c1d1d919a464243ee8c6","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:17:50.863957Z","signature_b64":"AWR+RIuguHhsy6q6+qGR6Bxj2lWv3QOQmgSURTmw/9Ydxg7IkpqQGAEpBqo9lblBIjzGOWORo2/UL+a5pZhcCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"2ff32bc49241605510a66474a2abec4690c40ffbfee7c1d1d919a464243ee8c6","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:17:50.863544Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:17:50.863544Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2102.07052","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:17:50Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yoOkeHmG9CmmQgAozToB/r3kRl5/8R0aGsa8ouYICj/u7brOReSXFfHXEIYhUAyNS6zJ0IiSySKBl5dNiCxHAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T17:47:20.831749Z"},"content_sha256":"77641bb74218427cb9b85b50fcc9a213bf6491958b545d553c085825ad87047e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:77641bb74218427cb9b85b50fcc9a213bf6491958b545d553c085825ad87047e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:F7ZSXRESIFQFKEFGMR2KFK7MI2","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"An Evolutionary Study of Configuration Design and Implementation in Cloud Systems","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.SY","eess.SY"],"primary_cat":"cs.SE","authors_text":"Haochen He, Owolabi Legunsen, Shanshan Li, Tianyin Xu, Wei Dong, Yuanliang Zhang","submitted_at":"2021-02-14T02:41:39Z","abstract_excerpt":"Many techniques were proposed for detecting software misconfigurations in cloud systems and for diagnosing unintended behavior caused by such misconfigurations. Detection and diagnosis are steps in the right direction: misconfigurations cause many costly failures and severe performance issues. But, we argue that continued focus on detection and diagnosis is symptomatic of a more serious problem: configuration design and implementation are not yet first-class software engineering endeavors in cloud systems. Little is known about how and why developers evolve configuration design and implementat"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2102.07052","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2102.07052/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:17:50Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gB8frj/g4eD/et03eW93DDTbtO4UvK+vblJlQIZQQrnTdnLDTccDtkQlwrpgUuXeFx5hY6HExtujU8jbaSa6CQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T17:47:20.832126Z"},"content_sha256":"26b42c33ad6b58a236344832a30bf620edf1fb1c4bf3a2bdb090777b8e69ce62","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:26b42c33ad6b58a236344832a30bf620edf1fb1c4bf3a2bdb090777b8e69ce62"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/F7ZSXRESIFQFKEFGMR2KFK7MI2/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/F7ZSXRESIFQFKEFGMR2KFK7MI2/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/F7ZSXRESIFQFKEFGMR2KFK7MI2/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-06T17:47:20Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/F7ZSXRESIFQFKEFGMR2KFK7MI2","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/F7ZSXRESIFQFKEFGMR2KFK7MI2/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/F7ZSXRESIFQFKEFGMR2KFK7MI2/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/F7ZSXRESIFQFKEFGMR2KFK7MI2/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:F7ZSXRESIFQFKEFGMR2KFK7MI2","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"552c3f0f5dcc3bc109145bcaedcaaba9746d53b656d80b527d203b92742652e6","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SY","eess.SY"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2021-02-14T02:41:39Z","title_canon_sha256":"c16549f01c084c0131b0e3b3ca5388a79d7f96a3b26ddd17db3e5ea68b32aa33"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2102.07052","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2102.07052","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:17:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2102.07052v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:17:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2102.07052","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:17:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"F7ZSXRESIFQF","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:17:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"F7ZSXRESIFQFKEFG","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:17:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"F7ZSXRES","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:17:50Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:26b42c33ad6b58a236344832a30bf620edf1fb1c4bf3a2bdb090777b8e69ce62","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:17:50Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2102.07052/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Many techniques were proposed for detecting software misconfigurations in cloud systems and for diagnosing unintended behavior caused by such misconfigurations. Detection and diagnosis are steps in the right direction: misconfigurations cause many costly failures and severe performance issues. But, we argue that continued focus on detection and diagnosis is symptomatic of a more serious problem: configuration design and implementation are not yet first-class software engineering endeavors in cloud systems. Little is known about how and why developers evolve configuration design and implementat","authors_text":"Haochen He, Owolabi Legunsen, Shanshan Li, Tianyin Xu, Wei Dong, Yuanliang Zhang","cross_cats":["cs.SY","eess.SY"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2021-02-14T02:41:39Z","title":"An Evolutionary Study of Configuration Design and Implementation in Cloud Systems"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2102.07052","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:77641bb74218427cb9b85b50fcc9a213bf6491958b545d553c085825ad87047e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:17:50Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"552c3f0f5dcc3bc109145bcaedcaaba9746d53b656d80b527d203b92742652e6","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SY","eess.SY"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2021-02-14T02:41:39Z","title_canon_sha256":"c16549f01c084c0131b0e3b3ca5388a79d7f96a3b26ddd17db3e5ea68b32aa33"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2102.07052","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"2ff32bc49241605510a66474a2abec4690c40ffbfee7c1d1d919a464243ee8c6","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"2ff32bc49241605510a66474a2abec4690c40ffbfee7c1d1d919a464243ee8c6","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:17:50.863544Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:17:50.863544Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"AWR+RIuguHhsy6q6+qGR6Bxj2lWv3QOQmgSURTmw/9Ydxg7IkpqQGAEpBqo9lblBIjzGOWORo2/UL+a5pZhcCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:17:50.863957Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2102.07052","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:77641bb74218427cb9b85b50fcc9a213bf6491958b545d553c085825ad87047e","sha256:26b42c33ad6b58a236344832a30bf620edf1fb1c4bf3a2bdb090777b8e69ce62"],"state_sha256":"b534d1357ea394d3d02f96ced05c6a5767c1ab6deb3af74a00d034d9179161e3"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"b1v1pczRqYKWqWigJPBRQaH/uoDSSvaffndNebMcCVzxZyb6g0JY5Px3XtZ+01az7TroIM+mJxBmymHJEXqJDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T17:47:20.834108Z","bundle_sha256":"3eae23c175d4da9283f28b2214d5f88f06d8cfcc9c72798ee2a1f5807f977b74"}}