{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:FD3NBTA5EVK4RWRATCDVS5LKFF","short_pith_number":"pith:FD3NBTA5","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2512.24543","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.chem-ph","submitted_at":"2025-12-31T01:02:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"title_canon_sha256":"f6b889b008708ad97926e34080799dee2852416b20f6c0db6eabcb0aac93604b","abstract_canon_sha256":"266a8b72940482938d1428c3441af7f9dd6ebdc3fa6aef7a55617cb2ae07d467"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"28f6d0cc1d2555c8da20988759756a294c897173d1b9f08b884e56403dacab45","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2512.24543","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2512.24543","created_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2512.24543v2","created_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2512.24543","created_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FD3NBTA5EVK4","created_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FD3NBTA5EVK4RWRA","created_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FD3NBTA5","created_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:20Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:FD3NBTA5EVK4RWRATCDVS5LKFF","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2512.24543","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.chem-ph","submitted_at":"2025-12-31T01:02:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"title_canon_sha256":"f6b889b008708ad97926e34080799dee2852416b20f6c0db6eabcb0aac93604b","abstract_canon_sha256":"266a8b72940482938d1428c3441af7f9dd6ebdc3fa6aef7a55617cb2ae07d467"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"28f6d0cc1d2555c8da20988759756a294c897173d1b9f08b884e56403dacab45","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:20.106558Z","signature_b64":"9Z0A3VrC1XX3r2qSdAucV7nAIjT8kN1IIqXd+8XE8B/yB5GXY3TrLo0e0voweg+/pLKC6SyJa0aqaFXifaZ3CQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"28f6d0cc1d2555c8da20988759756a294c897173d1b9f08b884e56403dacab45","last_reissued_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:20.105566Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:20.105566Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2512.24543","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"SrsoSZ9rRG5C+copyq1Fu7xwQ2/GUO8Z3a+pm5FonDxufXYdcZYdEG9vZmr67RRa65gDxcAfDG3k1OICB0WFAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-23T19:56:44.036275Z"},"content_sha256":"2c55070abbc70f276a81e39602c01126ecb37db67bef10c2a7e7b7de4dae11c4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2c55070abbc70f276a81e39602c01126ecb37db67bef10c2a7e7b7de4dae11c4"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:FD3NBTA5EVK4RWRATCDVS5LKFF","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Imaging nanoscale photocarrier traps in solar water-splitting catalysts","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"primary_cat":"physics.chem-ph","authors_text":"A. Alec Talin, Akihiko Kudo, Bradley W. Layne, Han-Hsuan Wu, Jianguo Wen, Joseph P. Patterson, Levi D. Palmer, Pushp Raj Prasad, Scott K. Cushing, Shane Ardo, Thomas E. Gage, Wonseok Lee, Xiaoqing Pan, Yuzi Liu, Zejie Chen","submitted_at":"2025-12-31T01:02:07Z","abstract_excerpt":"Defects trap photocarriers and hinder solar water splitting. The nanoscale photocarrier transport, trapping, and recombination mechanisms are usually inferred from ensemble-averaged measurements and remain elusive. Because an individual high-performing nanoparticle photocatalyst may outperform the ensemble average, design rules that would otherwise enhance catalytic efficiency remain unclear. Here, we introduce photomodulated electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) in an optically coupled scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) to map photocarrier localization. Using rhodium-doped st"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2512.24543","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2512.24543/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"oSLkjuWzN8nPaWg18qTxA0BjM/2jF6DZFJzIvmjZ1SBak6ecFsuOhzsUJl1CqDKZ1MSjg71Do/2W7975JZYgBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-23T19:56:44.036681Z"},"content_sha256":"769120a9e7c4d89c2f555518606b3098c5da4f45a42634b26d063c57c8d4e60e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:769120a9e7c4d89c2f555518606b3098c5da4f45a42634b26d063c57c8d4e60e"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FD3NBTA5EVK4RWRATCDVS5LKFF/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FD3NBTA5EVK4RWRATCDVS5LKFF/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FD3NBTA5EVK4RWRATCDVS5LKFF/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-23T19:56:44Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/FD3NBTA5EVK4RWRATCDVS5LKFF","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/FD3NBTA5EVK4RWRATCDVS5LKFF/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/FD3NBTA5EVK4RWRATCDVS5LKFF/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FD3NBTA5EVK4RWRATCDVS5LKFF/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:FD3NBTA5EVK4RWRATCDVS5LKFF","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"266a8b72940482938d1428c3441af7f9dd6ebdc3fa6aef7a55617cb2ae07d467","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.chem-ph","submitted_at":"2025-12-31T01:02:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"f6b889b008708ad97926e34080799dee2852416b20f6c0db6eabcb0aac93604b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2512.24543","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2512.24543","created_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2512.24543v2","created_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2512.24543","created_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FD3NBTA5EVK4","created_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FD3NBTA5EVK4RWRA","created_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FD3NBTA5","created_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:20Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:769120a9e7c4d89c2f555518606b3098c5da4f45a42634b26d063c57c8d4e60e","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2512.24543/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Defects trap photocarriers and hinder solar water splitting. The nanoscale photocarrier transport, trapping, and recombination mechanisms are usually inferred from ensemble-averaged measurements and remain elusive. Because an individual high-performing nanoparticle photocatalyst may outperform the ensemble average, design rules that would otherwise enhance catalytic efficiency remain unclear. Here, we introduce photomodulated electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) in an optically coupled scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) to map photocarrier localization. Using rhodium-doped st","authors_text":"A. Alec Talin, Akihiko Kudo, Bradley W. Layne, Han-Hsuan Wu, Jianguo Wen, Joseph P. Patterson, Levi D. Palmer, Pushp Raj Prasad, Scott K. Cushing, Shane Ardo, Thomas E. Gage, Wonseok Lee, Xiaoqing Pan, Yuzi Liu, Zejie Chen","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.chem-ph","submitted_at":"2025-12-31T01:02:07Z","title":"Imaging nanoscale photocarrier traps in solar water-splitting catalysts"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2512.24543","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:2c55070abbc70f276a81e39602c01126ecb37db67bef10c2a7e7b7de4dae11c4","target":"record","created_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"266a8b72940482938d1428c3441af7f9dd6ebdc3fa6aef7a55617cb2ae07d467","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.chem-ph","submitted_at":"2025-12-31T01:02:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"f6b889b008708ad97926e34080799dee2852416b20f6c0db6eabcb0aac93604b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2512.24543","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"28f6d0cc1d2555c8da20988759756a294c897173d1b9f08b884e56403dacab45","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"28f6d0cc1d2555c8da20988759756a294c897173d1b9f08b884e56403dacab45","first_computed_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:20.105566Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:20.105566Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"9Z0A3VrC1XX3r2qSdAucV7nAIjT8kN1IIqXd+8XE8B/yB5GXY3TrLo0e0voweg+/pLKC6SyJa0aqaFXifaZ3CQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-06-12T01:08:20.106558Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2512.24543","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:2c55070abbc70f276a81e39602c01126ecb37db67bef10c2a7e7b7de4dae11c4","sha256:769120a9e7c4d89c2f555518606b3098c5da4f45a42634b26d063c57c8d4e60e"],"state_sha256":"6142e15561a1236694532d66dd490a8a7fd7ff6aff847cdbd72b2dd86c61351d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Uty0PsQK0VB9IqM5xu+kc59VVD+dCy1fh+aNVVrj6/hbHhu0kX1XhySp/FHVKUuyUGeeB3IQvRKalJSfZnAeCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-23T19:56:44.038952Z","bundle_sha256":"4be70bd6d63bf01f7ee2e412150689408772b8d4333cc473ccb3c6aa93e3d463"}}