{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2015:FELABEXNHX5HGS4SULMY34GC6T","short_pith_number":"pith:FELABEXN","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"29160092ed3dfa734b92a2d98df0c2f4c9623ef0723624a496ece167806e9f0a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1507.08154","version":3},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Validation of nuclear models in Geant4 using the dose distribution of a 177 MeV proton pencil beam","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.med-ph","authors_text":"Anastasia Makarova, Bernard Gottschalk, David C. Hall, Harald Paganetti","submitted_at":"2015-07-29T14:20:06Z","abstract_excerpt":"A proton pencil beam is associated with a surrounding low-dose envelope, originating from nuclear interactions. It is important for treatment planning systems to accurately model this envelope when performing dose calculations for pencil beam scanning treatments, and Monte Carlo (MC) codes are commonly used for this purpose. This work aims to validate the nuclear models employed by the Geant4 MC code, by comparing the simulated absolute dose distribution to a recent experiment of a 177 MeV proton pencil beam stopping in water.\n  Striking agreement is observed over five orders of magnitude, wit"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1507.08154","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.med-ph","submitted_at":"2015-07-29T14:20:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"88a65e67d6a7efdb66c79291477633f8eeb8674a8f6d985d03b50b39c5e45c3d","abstract_canon_sha256":"17764f875d31c2f972315fb65aac02f541174e177ffa12cb0d1026e38052e5c6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:25:55.083935Z","signature_b64":"Q3wx1DgxsAJk0qf+WyjeUqT7js+tXAiazhQgUsmA0IrqIgZDkCb9dOLdf14r89V9ud157f0lyCgqqbX40ATcCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"29160092ed3dfa734b92a2d98df0c2f4c9623ef0723624a496ece167806e9f0a","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:25:55.083305Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:25:55.083305Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Validation of nuclear models in Geant4 using the dose distribution of a 177 MeV proton pencil beam","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.med-ph","authors_text":"Anastasia Makarova, Bernard Gottschalk, David C. Hall, Harald Paganetti","submitted_at":"2015-07-29T14:20:06Z","abstract_excerpt":"A proton pencil beam is associated with a surrounding low-dose envelope, originating from nuclear interactions. It is important for treatment planning systems to accurately model this envelope when performing dose calculations for pencil beam scanning treatments, and Monte Carlo (MC) codes are commonly used for this purpose. This work aims to validate the nuclear models employed by the Geant4 MC code, by comparing the simulated absolute dose distribution to a recent experiment of a 177 MeV proton pencil beam stopping in water.\n  Striking agreement is observed over five orders of magnitude, wit"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1507.08154","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1507.08154","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:25:55.083392+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1507.08154v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:25:55.083392+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1507.08154","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:25:55.083392+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FELABEXNHX5H","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:19.899920+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FELABEXNHX5HGS4S","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:19.899920+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FELABEXN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:19.899920+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/FELABEXNHX5HGS4SULMY34GC6T","json":"https://pith.science/pith/FELABEXNHX5HGS4SULMY34GC6T.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/FELABEXNHX5HGS4SULMY34GC6T/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/FELABEXNHX5HGS4SULMY34GC6T/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/FELABEXN"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/FELABEXNHX5HGS4SULMY34GC6T","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/FELABEXNHX5HGS4SULMY34GC6T.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/FELABEXN","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1507.08154&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/FELABEXNHX5HGS4SULMY34GC6T/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/FELABEXNHX5HGS4SULMY34GC6T/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/FELABEXNHX5HGS4SULMY34GC6T/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/FELABEXNHX5HGS4SULMY34GC6T/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/FELABEXNHX5HGS4SULMY34GC6T/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/FELABEXNHX5HGS4SULMY34GC6T/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/FELABEXNHX5HGS4SULMY34GC6T/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:25:55.083392+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T01:25:55.083392+00:00"}