{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:FERHZO2E7I2OJN6CXHAYAINZYQ","short_pith_number":"pith:FERHZO2E","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2310.08049","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-10-12T05:43:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"d2b1745d0321b7d0b029176e59ce9e1e86ab6c6e0cb818c0acd332f1db7bf4b8","abstract_canon_sha256":"90a69f9f30d60d3afb840a69ab68d83f5f931bcfb8628559ca98378cd8065640"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"29227cbb44fa34e4b7c2b9c18021b9c40b2b44138cf482716da37fa1eadb5335","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2310.08049","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2310.08049","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2310.08049v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2310.08049","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FERHZO2E7I2O","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FERHZO2E7I2OJN6C","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FERHZO2E","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:07Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:FERHZO2E7I2OJN6CXHAYAINZYQ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2310.08049","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-10-12T05:43:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"d2b1745d0321b7d0b029176e59ce9e1e86ab6c6e0cb818c0acd332f1db7bf4b8","abstract_canon_sha256":"90a69f9f30d60d3afb840a69ab68d83f5f931bcfb8628559ca98378cd8065640"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"29227cbb44fa34e4b7c2b9c18021b9c40b2b44138cf482716da37fa1eadb5335","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:07.482776Z","signature_b64":"taedxP3Tahh1Y6bwZDf0fkI0iPon6nSIN1UI04qeVHmxVvOXjkbC21oi6pIm11hGf/5NKwHOJiJv10HeoihlCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"29227cbb44fa34e4b7c2b9c18021b9c40b2b44138cf482716da37fa1eadb5335","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:07.482287Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:07.482287Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2310.08049","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:07Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YjKCYzhp7GjdJ9Pjoyp/rUn7bK4b3X9qQKryGSlcxKq+2QCtyqPtWCKOuoUtXw5x8kuzP8fS7nFMAmoMZ418Bw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T15:43:23.972575Z"},"content_sha256":"c9e8ad0c9a8ffd40db8ee8dbde96c1dd0c39d2e195b372f031173557807c9dcb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c9e8ad0c9a8ffd40db8ee8dbde96c1dd0c39d2e195b372f031173557807c9dcb"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:FERHZO2E7I2OJN6CXHAYAINZYQ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Is attention required for ICL? Exploring the Relationship Between Model Architecture and In-Context Learning Ability","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Ivan Lee, Nan Jiang, Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick","submitted_at":"2023-10-12T05:43:06Z","abstract_excerpt":"What is the relationship between model architecture and the ability to perform in-context learning? In this empirical study, we take the first steps toward answering this question. We evaluate thirteen model architectures capable of causal language modeling across a suite of synthetic in-context learning tasks. These selected architectures represent a broad range of paradigms, including recurrent and convolution-based neural networks, transformers, state space model inspired, and other emerging attention alternatives. We discover that all the considered architectures can perform in-context lea"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2310.08049","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2310.08049/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:07Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gjkndUJkEbeCtfGdz37gGcBedj5KaryJgJftLxw4WgsWFgbkRiN9nZa6yucCsTNo0VXagtQHknZK3wx4msndBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T15:43:23.973128Z"},"content_sha256":"8b2e7ac2152c733b1d868114e5860fc6238c3f2cc93e5efdbfff42065bd73ff5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8b2e7ac2152c733b1d868114e5860fc6238c3f2cc93e5efdbfff42065bd73ff5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FERHZO2E7I2OJN6CXHAYAINZYQ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FERHZO2E7I2OJN6CXHAYAINZYQ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FERHZO2E7I2OJN6CXHAYAINZYQ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-08T15:43:23Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/FERHZO2E7I2OJN6CXHAYAINZYQ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/FERHZO2E7I2OJN6CXHAYAINZYQ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/FERHZO2E7I2OJN6CXHAYAINZYQ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FERHZO2E7I2OJN6CXHAYAINZYQ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:FERHZO2E7I2OJN6CXHAYAINZYQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"90a69f9f30d60d3afb840a69ab68d83f5f931bcfb8628559ca98378cd8065640","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-10-12T05:43:06Z","title_canon_sha256":"d2b1745d0321b7d0b029176e59ce9e1e86ab6c6e0cb818c0acd332f1db7bf4b8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2310.08049","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2310.08049","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2310.08049v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2310.08049","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FERHZO2E7I2O","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FERHZO2E7I2OJN6C","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FERHZO2E","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:07Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:8b2e7ac2152c733b1d868114e5860fc6238c3f2cc93e5efdbfff42065bd73ff5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2310.08049/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"What is the relationship between model architecture and the ability to perform in-context learning? In this empirical study, we take the first steps toward answering this question. We evaluate thirteen model architectures capable of causal language modeling across a suite of synthetic in-context learning tasks. These selected architectures represent a broad range of paradigms, including recurrent and convolution-based neural networks, transformers, state space model inspired, and other emerging attention alternatives. We discover that all the considered architectures can perform in-context lea","authors_text":"Ivan Lee, Nan Jiang, Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-10-12T05:43:06Z","title":"Is attention required for ICL? Exploring the Relationship Between Model Architecture and In-Context Learning Ability"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2310.08049","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c9e8ad0c9a8ffd40db8ee8dbde96c1dd0c39d2e195b372f031173557807c9dcb","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"90a69f9f30d60d3afb840a69ab68d83f5f931bcfb8628559ca98378cd8065640","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-10-12T05:43:06Z","title_canon_sha256":"d2b1745d0321b7d0b029176e59ce9e1e86ab6c6e0cb818c0acd332f1db7bf4b8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2310.08049","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"29227cbb44fa34e4b7c2b9c18021b9c40b2b44138cf482716da37fa1eadb5335","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"29227cbb44fa34e4b7c2b9c18021b9c40b2b44138cf482716da37fa1eadb5335","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:07.482287Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:07.482287Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"taedxP3Tahh1Y6bwZDf0fkI0iPon6nSIN1UI04qeVHmxVvOXjkbC21oi6pIm11hGf/5NKwHOJiJv10HeoihlCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:03:07.482776Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2310.08049","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c9e8ad0c9a8ffd40db8ee8dbde96c1dd0c39d2e195b372f031173557807c9dcb","sha256:8b2e7ac2152c733b1d868114e5860fc6238c3f2cc93e5efdbfff42065bd73ff5"],"state_sha256":"022044ee55e4b6112067a227a70ab83fdb1059ba1176f5c94b2a1872668010c2"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7UPQ2z4m/51s9RmNh48gfUtmnjvSpQo5NYQTlN5zG0Xt97QSo9cu9ogIykZqB9eIUnDNEe7n05fpybYmXCGKBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T15:43:23.977757Z","bundle_sha256":"f75b7f88882eba22cd1955391496f4cf21c6c11d74895b61226c432ceab42ad8"}}