{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2010:FIRRO7R32ELRK5C3MOWXWLDKQ7","short_pith_number":"pith:FIRRO7R3","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1009.2713","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2010-09-14T16:36:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.quant-gas"],"title_canon_sha256":"24d48438dd220250c02be120a6d80ba96ea6c2869238e79a93d8b87e0da74046","abstract_canon_sha256":"41785769d0938760665c8d02323da2080b2b7e8c272d9cbb1587d6751a527476"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2a23177e3bd11715745b63ad7b2c6a87db7b43ee99a83f5886aacf575907b690","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1009.2713","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1009.2713","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:05:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1009.2713v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:05:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1009.2713","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:05:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FIRRO7R32ELR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FIRRO7R32ELRK5C3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FIRRO7R3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:07Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2010:FIRRO7R32ELRK5C3MOWXWLDKQ7","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1009.2713","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2010-09-14T16:36:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.quant-gas"],"title_canon_sha256":"24d48438dd220250c02be120a6d80ba96ea6c2869238e79a93d8b87e0da74046","abstract_canon_sha256":"41785769d0938760665c8d02323da2080b2b7e8c272d9cbb1587d6751a527476"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2a23177e3bd11715745b63ad7b2c6a87db7b43ee99a83f5886aacf575907b690","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:05:30.549324Z","signature_b64":"wfhdYfeSiB0wh/jXqUC7p3O+vbyRwnWXUOjBCgVhETq6eIbwyyKKhhNJOQljrGoawgH8aT+Ib2AqbQ2ulLxbBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"2a23177e3bd11715745b63ad7b2c6a87db7b43ee99a83f5886aacf575907b690","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:05:30.548589Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:05:30.548589Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1009.2713","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:05:30Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"SqplL6VfYjnmqIQBOnRwLUZCviBCT89bZWI1ns1gIP5XykjPntCI+XBNVchKUL4ityNFkHF4G39UsgalgJGvAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T10:33:38.226687Z"},"content_sha256":"db66dec1dbe0766b34ed8512c55357b40b336ea722df7ba4db1dc5dbc24406cd","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:db66dec1dbe0766b34ed8512c55357b40b336ea722df7ba4db1dc5dbc24406cd"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2010:FIRRO7R32ELRK5C3MOWXWLDKQ7","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"An elementary exposition of the Efimov Effect","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.quant-gas"],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Arindam Chatterjee, Brandon P. van Zyl, Rajat K. Bhaduri","submitted_at":"2010-09-14T16:36:51Z","abstract_excerpt":"Two particles that are just shy of binding may develop an infinite number of shallow bound states when a third particle is added. This counter intuitive quantum mechanical result was first predicted by V. Efimov for identical bosons interacting with a short-range pair-wise potential. The so-called Efimov effect persists even for non-identical particles, provided at least two of the three bonds are almost bound. The Efimov effect has recently been verified experimentally using ultra-cold atoms. In this article, we explain the origin of this effect using only elementary quantum mechanics, and su"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1009.2713","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:05:30Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mPmLStXo2o7JXDw4XquxXNYT2pkqqEg09vk1Lfrl729ztGm/HgM7RUW12LmCfvdp/6Vzhz78nQaPzlAW4pzkAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T10:33:38.227060Z"},"content_sha256":"9bca9fddb8309c274a7d28c2ababfc869d8e556e4ae9b339b8f3eea36bbad395","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9bca9fddb8309c274a7d28c2ababfc869d8e556e4ae9b339b8f3eea36bbad395"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FIRRO7R32ELRK5C3MOWXWLDKQ7/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FIRRO7R32ELRK5C3MOWXWLDKQ7/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FIRRO7R32ELRK5C3MOWXWLDKQ7/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-26T10:33:38Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/FIRRO7R32ELRK5C3MOWXWLDKQ7","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/FIRRO7R32ELRK5C3MOWXWLDKQ7/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/FIRRO7R32ELRK5C3MOWXWLDKQ7/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FIRRO7R32ELRK5C3MOWXWLDKQ7/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2010:FIRRO7R32ELRK5C3MOWXWLDKQ7","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"41785769d0938760665c8d02323da2080b2b7e8c272d9cbb1587d6751a527476","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.quant-gas"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2010-09-14T16:36:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"24d48438dd220250c02be120a6d80ba96ea6c2869238e79a93d8b87e0da74046"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1009.2713","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1009.2713","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:05:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1009.2713v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:05:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1009.2713","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:05:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FIRRO7R32ELR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FIRRO7R32ELRK5C3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FIRRO7R3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:07Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:9bca9fddb8309c274a7d28c2ababfc869d8e556e4ae9b339b8f3eea36bbad395","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:05:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Two particles that are just shy of binding may develop an infinite number of shallow bound states when a third particle is added. This counter intuitive quantum mechanical result was first predicted by V. Efimov for identical bosons interacting with a short-range pair-wise potential. The so-called Efimov effect persists even for non-identical particles, provided at least two of the three bonds are almost bound. The Efimov effect has recently been verified experimentally using ultra-cold atoms. In this article, we explain the origin of this effect using only elementary quantum mechanics, and su","authors_text":"Arindam Chatterjee, Brandon P. van Zyl, Rajat K. Bhaduri","cross_cats":["cond-mat.quant-gas"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2010-09-14T16:36:51Z","title":"An elementary exposition of the Efimov Effect"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1009.2713","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:db66dec1dbe0766b34ed8512c55357b40b336ea722df7ba4db1dc5dbc24406cd","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:05:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"41785769d0938760665c8d02323da2080b2b7e8c272d9cbb1587d6751a527476","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.quant-gas"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2010-09-14T16:36:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"24d48438dd220250c02be120a6d80ba96ea6c2869238e79a93d8b87e0da74046"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1009.2713","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"2a23177e3bd11715745b63ad7b2c6a87db7b43ee99a83f5886aacf575907b690","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"2a23177e3bd11715745b63ad7b2c6a87db7b43ee99a83f5886aacf575907b690","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:05:30.548589Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:05:30.548589Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"wfhdYfeSiB0wh/jXqUC7p3O+vbyRwnWXUOjBCgVhETq6eIbwyyKKhhNJOQljrGoawgH8aT+Ib2AqbQ2ulLxbBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:05:30.549324Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1009.2713","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:db66dec1dbe0766b34ed8512c55357b40b336ea722df7ba4db1dc5dbc24406cd","sha256:9bca9fddb8309c274a7d28c2ababfc869d8e556e4ae9b339b8f3eea36bbad395"],"state_sha256":"f68cd4e8413a86327b392a73613971172bf4defb79bd51ebfbb4b51e8ef9e21e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"c5LXsRzxo7ZA9/4cyqWZX7c0T9e3/BoGZzsCr24NZQkBiskR65/rceTnVvX/m0zGkUIcFhfEy8kp/FNdlFMJAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T10:33:38.230150Z","bundle_sha256":"d154e3c5ef3ed30f611819356dca0cc045e02d83f6c2c8451bd244052cb6fbde"}}