{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:FIWJCQKK2TXNLJE7DBDNS7X6OT","short_pith_number":"pith:FIWJCQKK","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1203.3733","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2012-03-16T15:20:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"6655a5ea157d8dbb4954cbeff8059c46e9eecef21c3aaabef3d30ed2c9020b11","abstract_canon_sha256":"da5fd78dd0eefc322db6f3d2bbdc3c53d2115ce09214e6ecef5fcee512866e7c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2a2c91414ad4eed5a49f1846d97efe74c029a0959939e718c787d99024e44271","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1203.3733","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1203.3733","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:44:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1203.3733v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:44:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1203.3733","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:44:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FIWJCQKK2TXN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FIWJCQKK2TXNLJE7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FIWJCQKK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:06Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:FIWJCQKK2TXNLJE7DBDNS7X6OT","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1203.3733","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2012-03-16T15:20:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"6655a5ea157d8dbb4954cbeff8059c46e9eecef21c3aaabef3d30ed2c9020b11","abstract_canon_sha256":"da5fd78dd0eefc322db6f3d2bbdc3c53d2115ce09214e6ecef5fcee512866e7c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2a2c91414ad4eed5a49f1846d97efe74c029a0959939e718c787d99024e44271","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:44:15.330235Z","signature_b64":"LLb+PmerNGlyaqA3v/88FpArJVN0I6cXLHNTJ4jCGcMhYJu/xI3xsObnss5f6RItOGVpGpDNSkRjNQWV8ORHCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"2a2c91414ad4eed5a49f1846d97efe74c029a0959939e718c787d99024e44271","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:44:15.329624Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:44:15.329624Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1203.3733","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:44:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zKrtngqIi25abises1TElss8C5dStVlrKnlRMXvMkduSEJ+q8XFD8f5t9F8gjg27Wm1Kjx0/Sd34ot4qoPQPDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T15:34:10.964685Z"},"content_sha256":"273696c1e457f2ea5a823152a194e6c11a2bc59cc23547927fa3831a0e011be0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:273696c1e457f2ea5a823152a194e6c11a2bc59cc23547927fa3831a0e011be0"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:FIWJCQKK2TXNLJE7DBDNS7X6OT","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Randomized Benchmarking of Multi-Qubit Gates","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"A. M. Meier, D. Hanneke, D. J. Wineland, D. Leibfried, E. Knill, J. D. Jost, J. P. Gaebler, J. P. Home, R. Bowler, T. R. Tan, Y. Lin","submitted_at":"2012-03-16T15:20:38Z","abstract_excerpt":"As experimental platforms for quantum information processing continue to mature, characterization of the quality of unitary gates that can be applied to their quantum bits (qubits) becomes essential. Eventually, the quality must be sufficiently high to support arbitrarily long quantum computations. Randomized benchmarking already provides a platform-independent method for assessing the quality of one-qubit rotations. Here we describe an extension of this method to multi-qubit gates. We provide a platform-independent protocol for evaluating the performance of experimental Clifford unitaries, wh"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1203.3733","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:44:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"XBPrsBgwNFUjHaRuk6NjwjuBd1+U37Ix1w0LJJdOqEtjXkPmFR/eoXLX140h4k1Jy+R42DTVqTHCRdfokzqZBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T15:34:10.965041Z"},"content_sha256":"d6cfab76b9ad6c572815ba29932dbcc63576265d3afb144f9f230dbb97f8db58","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d6cfab76b9ad6c572815ba29932dbcc63576265d3afb144f9f230dbb97f8db58"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FIWJCQKK2TXNLJE7DBDNS7X6OT/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FIWJCQKK2TXNLJE7DBDNS7X6OT/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FIWJCQKK2TXNLJE7DBDNS7X6OT/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-30T15:34:10Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/FIWJCQKK2TXNLJE7DBDNS7X6OT","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/FIWJCQKK2TXNLJE7DBDNS7X6OT/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/FIWJCQKK2TXNLJE7DBDNS7X6OT/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FIWJCQKK2TXNLJE7DBDNS7X6OT/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:FIWJCQKK2TXNLJE7DBDNS7X6OT","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"da5fd78dd0eefc322db6f3d2bbdc3c53d2115ce09214e6ecef5fcee512866e7c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2012-03-16T15:20:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"6655a5ea157d8dbb4954cbeff8059c46e9eecef21c3aaabef3d30ed2c9020b11"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1203.3733","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1203.3733","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:44:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1203.3733v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:44:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1203.3733","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:44:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FIWJCQKK2TXN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FIWJCQKK2TXNLJE7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FIWJCQKK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:06Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d6cfab76b9ad6c572815ba29932dbcc63576265d3afb144f9f230dbb97f8db58","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:44:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"As experimental platforms for quantum information processing continue to mature, characterization of the quality of unitary gates that can be applied to their quantum bits (qubits) becomes essential. Eventually, the quality must be sufficiently high to support arbitrarily long quantum computations. Randomized benchmarking already provides a platform-independent method for assessing the quality of one-qubit rotations. Here we describe an extension of this method to multi-qubit gates. We provide a platform-independent protocol for evaluating the performance of experimental Clifford unitaries, wh","authors_text":"A. M. Meier, D. Hanneke, D. J. Wineland, D. Leibfried, E. Knill, J. D. Jost, J. P. Gaebler, J. P. Home, R. Bowler, T. R. Tan, Y. Lin","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2012-03-16T15:20:38Z","title":"Randomized Benchmarking of Multi-Qubit Gates"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1203.3733","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:273696c1e457f2ea5a823152a194e6c11a2bc59cc23547927fa3831a0e011be0","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:44:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"da5fd78dd0eefc322db6f3d2bbdc3c53d2115ce09214e6ecef5fcee512866e7c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2012-03-16T15:20:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"6655a5ea157d8dbb4954cbeff8059c46e9eecef21c3aaabef3d30ed2c9020b11"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1203.3733","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"2a2c91414ad4eed5a49f1846d97efe74c029a0959939e718c787d99024e44271","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"2a2c91414ad4eed5a49f1846d97efe74c029a0959939e718c787d99024e44271","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:44:15.329624Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:44:15.329624Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"LLb+PmerNGlyaqA3v/88FpArJVN0I6cXLHNTJ4jCGcMhYJu/xI3xsObnss5f6RItOGVpGpDNSkRjNQWV8ORHCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:44:15.330235Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1203.3733","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:273696c1e457f2ea5a823152a194e6c11a2bc59cc23547927fa3831a0e011be0","sha256:d6cfab76b9ad6c572815ba29932dbcc63576265d3afb144f9f230dbb97f8db58"],"state_sha256":"74f0e3319ff1b471ec67020394cd1cb2c74039c5df53b1bdc688e6f86a7e2ac7"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"P2dBYMHFRfOCcQ+qu0Opa1JDN6s55EG/OMURIi+8QdnImvYBhQAcGfsJNZ3dci4Bc7FUESG/T53V8ChC1kZKBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T15:34:10.967171Z","bundle_sha256":"143a06c6bbfff530e9c0a4a467c01beb92578739c2b85ce7514a4f41d5a18faa"}}