{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:FJ2COM5DXPLEHIADNHREDKULWY","short_pith_number":"pith:FJ2COM5D","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2101.02373","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-01-07T05:11:09Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC","cs.SE"],"title_canon_sha256":"ed8339252a742a7c4deef8877f3eba1a4f237ae810056ebd623ffe9e9dce146d","abstract_canon_sha256":"7b5562d2d5e7038848e11d0d36e01ee966bd7e579e439bf246f6e48e37095797"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2a742733a3bbd643a00369e241aa8bb60ea13aab4fa2f3830016e88de5fecd4d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2101.02373","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2101.02373","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2101.02373v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2101.02373","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FJ2COM5DXPLE","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FJ2COM5DXPLEHIAD","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FJ2COM5D","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:28Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:FJ2COM5DXPLEHIADNHREDKULWY","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2101.02373","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-01-07T05:11:09Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC","cs.SE"],"title_canon_sha256":"ed8339252a742a7c4deef8877f3eba1a4f237ae810056ebd623ffe9e9dce146d","abstract_canon_sha256":"7b5562d2d5e7038848e11d0d36e01ee966bd7e579e439bf246f6e48e37095797"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2a742733a3bbd643a00369e241aa8bb60ea13aab4fa2f3830016e88de5fecd4d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:28.501983Z","signature_b64":"YXDtKJCtg5GnZViCWDx+uLlXtBk2bSqyt88GOXTwCnQPJ+CM2xsiFAN86GvGpS1SsNcb888GnS839b/2vMEcCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"2a742733a3bbd643a00369e241aa8bb60ea13aab4fa2f3830016e88de5fecd4d","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:28.501513Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:28.501513Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2101.02373","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:28Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"n2Z9K9JkT7WATFK7cuB5Fs2+rp/lytSc0VKrWgKl8PmMLA1A+XNVqmVMGpxZU8s+5x9EKePJr76NlWJLNJv/Dg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-09T11:32:35.781975Z"},"content_sha256":"dc32d5b943eb8103c1b751456b41b73c2adad08be7f11eb67cfb4da1b5e25525","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:dc32d5b943eb8103c1b751456b41b73c2adad08be7f11eb67cfb4da1b5e25525"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:FJ2COM5DXPLEHIADNHREDKULWY","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Architectural Patterns for the Design of Federated Learning Systems","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.DC","cs.SE"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Chen Wang, Hye-Young Paik, Liming Zhu, Qinghua Lu, Sin Kit Lo, Xiwei Xu","submitted_at":"2021-01-07T05:11:09Z","abstract_excerpt":"Federated learning has received fast-growing interests from academia and industry to tackle the challenges of data hungriness and privacy in machine learning. A federated learning system can be viewed as a large-scale distributed system with different components and stakeholders as numerous client devices participate in federated learning. Designing a federated learning system requires software system design thinking apart from machine learning knowledge. Although much effort has been put into federated learning from the machine learning technique aspects, the software architecture design conc"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2101.02373","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2101.02373/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:28Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5JfeDs9bDk12pDOrGGSEzbdHHmi/Tz+KLdNlJpYbdJTx8/jEB1QVJOu/x/aotWI+OUi8fnOBVPOvVe7oglbpCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-09T11:32:35.782358Z"},"content_sha256":"684d0c7b46e1e51ad9f5dd655bc2c91b1bd890dde13647f3d22517d1486bd013","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:684d0c7b46e1e51ad9f5dd655bc2c91b1bd890dde13647f3d22517d1486bd013"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FJ2COM5DXPLEHIADNHREDKULWY/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FJ2COM5DXPLEHIADNHREDKULWY/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FJ2COM5DXPLEHIADNHREDKULWY/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-09T11:32:35Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/FJ2COM5DXPLEHIADNHREDKULWY","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/FJ2COM5DXPLEHIADNHREDKULWY/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/FJ2COM5DXPLEHIADNHREDKULWY/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FJ2COM5DXPLEHIADNHREDKULWY/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:FJ2COM5DXPLEHIADNHREDKULWY","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7b5562d2d5e7038848e11d0d36e01ee966bd7e579e439bf246f6e48e37095797","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC","cs.SE"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-01-07T05:11:09Z","title_canon_sha256":"ed8339252a742a7c4deef8877f3eba1a4f237ae810056ebd623ffe9e9dce146d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2101.02373","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2101.02373","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2101.02373v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2101.02373","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FJ2COM5DXPLE","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FJ2COM5DXPLEHIAD","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FJ2COM5D","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:28Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:684d0c7b46e1e51ad9f5dd655bc2c91b1bd890dde13647f3d22517d1486bd013","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:28Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2101.02373/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Federated learning has received fast-growing interests from academia and industry to tackle the challenges of data hungriness and privacy in machine learning. A federated learning system can be viewed as a large-scale distributed system with different components and stakeholders as numerous client devices participate in federated learning. Designing a federated learning system requires software system design thinking apart from machine learning knowledge. Although much effort has been put into federated learning from the machine learning technique aspects, the software architecture design conc","authors_text":"Chen Wang, Hye-Young Paik, Liming Zhu, Qinghua Lu, Sin Kit Lo, Xiwei Xu","cross_cats":["cs.DC","cs.SE"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-01-07T05:11:09Z","title":"Architectural Patterns for the Design of Federated Learning Systems"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2101.02373","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:dc32d5b943eb8103c1b751456b41b73c2adad08be7f11eb67cfb4da1b5e25525","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:28Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7b5562d2d5e7038848e11d0d36e01ee966bd7e579e439bf246f6e48e37095797","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC","cs.SE"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-01-07T05:11:09Z","title_canon_sha256":"ed8339252a742a7c4deef8877f3eba1a4f237ae810056ebd623ffe9e9dce146d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2101.02373","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"2a742733a3bbd643a00369e241aa8bb60ea13aab4fa2f3830016e88de5fecd4d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"2a742733a3bbd643a00369e241aa8bb60ea13aab4fa2f3830016e88de5fecd4d","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:28.501513Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:28.501513Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"YXDtKJCtg5GnZViCWDx+uLlXtBk2bSqyt88GOXTwCnQPJ+CM2xsiFAN86GvGpS1SsNcb888GnS839b/2vMEcCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:28.501983Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2101.02373","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:dc32d5b943eb8103c1b751456b41b73c2adad08be7f11eb67cfb4da1b5e25525","sha256:684d0c7b46e1e51ad9f5dd655bc2c91b1bd890dde13647f3d22517d1486bd013"],"state_sha256":"50cecc0d451e61369f7eab3d273adc12db73dc5cda0c6a6b29c03508bbc0737a"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ThOHj53UZyA7vvQzS+fuS3zhdOBjuZ9LcgUu9NAZlJkcKszyxRZFkyQPmQeRDKRkMl3cNkT4sI8n36Roazl1Cg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-09T11:32:35.784779Z","bundle_sha256":"0c690b407a67cbe75a17fdb8fda7cc5b3473176ab7b1bfbcbff1c3b0ea49ab13"}}