{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:FKQRLR33WASAP4SLYUT6JMJFN4","short_pith_number":"pith:FKQRLR33","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1108.5809","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2011-08-30T03:15:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"dc3cfbacf533ced094654a28622271864ad4a67fa0e429ad8ff3f55ef926bbe7","abstract_canon_sha256":"abb8aa25f12a1ed24cca7e94ccdbf83f5548e22d3f9f39744b3887bb4001873f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2aa115c77bb02407f24bc527e4b1256f3901ac1083d022e68e22ed7709567be6","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1108.5809","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1108.5809","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:00:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1108.5809v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:00:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1108.5809","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:00:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FKQRLR33WASA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FKQRLR33WASAP4SL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FKQRLR33","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:28Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:FKQRLR33WASAP4SLYUT6JMJFN4","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1108.5809","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2011-08-30T03:15:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"dc3cfbacf533ced094654a28622271864ad4a67fa0e429ad8ff3f55ef926bbe7","abstract_canon_sha256":"abb8aa25f12a1ed24cca7e94ccdbf83f5548e22d3f9f39744b3887bb4001873f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2aa115c77bb02407f24bc527e4b1256f3901ac1083d022e68e22ed7709567be6","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:00:44.939755Z","signature_b64":"F3PrvWmFbyZ3De6PgSX/vEQjjeBC1RKBbCbg22DmftkrsE40InZm1CMa16yRNRmcCzXiSm4EY6lpzEB4qa8mCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"2aa115c77bb02407f24bc527e4b1256f3901ac1083d022e68e22ed7709567be6","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:00:44.939195Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:00:44.939195Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1108.5809","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:00:44Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qxJWgEePnvLsizB5diUXDwmwj4XkIfDQvoT3ivOHrcrsSBUGh/UaF8MPSUj0sEKLtjz3M6JQaCOgZnA+Mok6Dg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-15T07:39:22.393074Z"},"content_sha256":"31ee10d1f165cc001e66a17ad9eca363ef139810328709d1c21cb148d9879f0a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:31ee10d1f165cc001e66a17ad9eca363ef139810328709d1c21cb148d9879f0a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:FKQRLR33WASAP4SLYUT6JMJFN4","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The Shocking Truth: The small contribution to hydrogen reionization from gravitational infall","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Abraham Loeb, Jeremy Mould, Stuart Wyithe","submitted_at":"2011-08-30T03:15:43Z","abstract_excerpt":"It is commonly thought that stars are responsible for reionizing the Universe. However, deep searches for star-forming galaxies during the epoch of reionization have not yet found sufficient galaxies to provide the necessary ionising flux. Fast accretion shocks associated with gravitational infall of baryons during the formation of galaxies have recently been proposed as an alternative method of generating the required ionising photons. In this Letter we assess the contribution to hydrogen reionization from shocked gas associated with gravitational infall. We find that shocks can ionize no mor"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1108.5809","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:00:44Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"sRryS5Kf8H72GCpZUgbOS/DICoAUh0uAWuWwwLP6YIiJJkhpeCEhIWR4+7GnmDISJ5h267QCnIqy9uy7H61oBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-15T07:39:22.393418Z"},"content_sha256":"18c9f59ff230ce68c11f8cd0f24210e5797b41c2c747526e654364a8bd3f697a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:18c9f59ff230ce68c11f8cd0f24210e5797b41c2c747526e654364a8bd3f697a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FKQRLR33WASAP4SLYUT6JMJFN4/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FKQRLR33WASAP4SLYUT6JMJFN4/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FKQRLR33WASAP4SLYUT6JMJFN4/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-15T07:39:22Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/FKQRLR33WASAP4SLYUT6JMJFN4","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/FKQRLR33WASAP4SLYUT6JMJFN4/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/FKQRLR33WASAP4SLYUT6JMJFN4/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FKQRLR33WASAP4SLYUT6JMJFN4/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:FKQRLR33WASAP4SLYUT6JMJFN4","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"abb8aa25f12a1ed24cca7e94ccdbf83f5548e22d3f9f39744b3887bb4001873f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2011-08-30T03:15:43Z","title_canon_sha256":"dc3cfbacf533ced094654a28622271864ad4a67fa0e429ad8ff3f55ef926bbe7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1108.5809","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1108.5809","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:00:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1108.5809v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:00:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1108.5809","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:00:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FKQRLR33WASA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FKQRLR33WASAP4SL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FKQRLR33","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:28Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:18c9f59ff230ce68c11f8cd0f24210e5797b41c2c747526e654364a8bd3f697a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:00:44Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"It is commonly thought that stars are responsible for reionizing the Universe. However, deep searches for star-forming galaxies during the epoch of reionization have not yet found sufficient galaxies to provide the necessary ionising flux. Fast accretion shocks associated with gravitational infall of baryons during the formation of galaxies have recently been proposed as an alternative method of generating the required ionising photons. In this Letter we assess the contribution to hydrogen reionization from shocked gas associated with gravitational infall. We find that shocks can ionize no mor","authors_text":"Abraham Loeb, Jeremy Mould, Stuart Wyithe","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2011-08-30T03:15:43Z","title":"The Shocking Truth: The small contribution to hydrogen reionization from gravitational infall"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1108.5809","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:31ee10d1f165cc001e66a17ad9eca363ef139810328709d1c21cb148d9879f0a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:00:44Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"abb8aa25f12a1ed24cca7e94ccdbf83f5548e22d3f9f39744b3887bb4001873f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2011-08-30T03:15:43Z","title_canon_sha256":"dc3cfbacf533ced094654a28622271864ad4a67fa0e429ad8ff3f55ef926bbe7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1108.5809","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"2aa115c77bb02407f24bc527e4b1256f3901ac1083d022e68e22ed7709567be6","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"2aa115c77bb02407f24bc527e4b1256f3901ac1083d022e68e22ed7709567be6","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:00:44.939195Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:00:44.939195Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"F3PrvWmFbyZ3De6PgSX/vEQjjeBC1RKBbCbg22DmftkrsE40InZm1CMa16yRNRmcCzXiSm4EY6lpzEB4qa8mCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:00:44.939755Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1108.5809","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:31ee10d1f165cc001e66a17ad9eca363ef139810328709d1c21cb148d9879f0a","sha256:18c9f59ff230ce68c11f8cd0f24210e5797b41c2c747526e654364a8bd3f697a"],"state_sha256":"d9923a49d47f2414ebe8c78e108550ba7f6ced668417566140935a1acf1ccfa8"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ycLD/sz/qDoyoIVp9ikcY9CdaJoQZJuDgOU12fU0lXpIWaKTjq67sNJcEnb65XFaTlYEMwz3vzx9ZvS/OqXyDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-15T07:39:22.395701Z","bundle_sha256":"d967ff26c5bed5f1e236c71555657f5b02c7c4bc06a39b9ec2b15ba5c5c5926b"}}