{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:FLKK57TUXZIY7AYGTINTDZH6ZF","short_pith_number":"pith:FLKK57TU","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2312.13896","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-12-21T14:42:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.ST"],"title_canon_sha256":"24919faa76751cb825c03f498734eda6438392063db601b042faddcc6f3e08b0","abstract_canon_sha256":"5d7b1ab478d8901d1a5abb0a563d1ffad699bc8aa4900b8da041c1551d5700e9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2ad4aefe74be518f83069a1b31e4fec9694ca2afece9842876899613efd9f2ba","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2312.13896","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2312.13896","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:26:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2312.13896v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:26:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2312.13896","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:26:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FLKK57TUXZIY","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:26:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FLKK57TUXZIY7AYG","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:26:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FLKK57TU","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:26:57Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:FLKK57TUXZIY7AYGTINTDZH6ZF","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2312.13896","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-12-21T14:42:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.ST"],"title_canon_sha256":"24919faa76751cb825c03f498734eda6438392063db601b042faddcc6f3e08b0","abstract_canon_sha256":"5d7b1ab478d8901d1a5abb0a563d1ffad699bc8aa4900b8da041c1551d5700e9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2ad4aefe74be518f83069a1b31e4fec9694ca2afece9842876899613efd9f2ba","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:26:57.900993Z","signature_b64":"PaGO7TluZwsefPQXdBcb4SMGfVS58fWbAwDpEa9vc+1HbeCWTI7+PXTtTwRh2uyHuiSapg+wwqMIWMngH3DIBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"2ad4aefe74be518f83069a1b31e4fec9694ca2afece9842876899613efd9f2ba","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:26:57.900492Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:26:57.900492Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2312.13896","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:26:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pTo/wXcew/GIRitmGi+GvoUVZP6xhMdSwPmVgtk7y1VfExhH2CGgFK6wr0JRwRUQAseeeMaeZFw0AzZHaSVGDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T17:10:05.522454Z"},"content_sha256":"b559e27317a7b318c3769b69a0edd3b6ec858719a3ce75c86ca8f284e925134d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b559e27317a7b318c3769b69a0edd3b6ec858719a3ce75c86ca8f284e925134d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:FLKK57TUXZIY7AYGTINTDZH6ZF","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Anomaly Detection Methods for Fraud Detection in Online Credit Card Payments","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["q-fin.ST"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Arpad Rimmel, Bich-Li\\^en Doan, Fabrice Daniel, Fabrice Popineau, Hugo Thimonier","submitted_at":"2023-12-21T14:42:42Z","abstract_excerpt":"This study explores the application of anomaly detection (AD) methods in imbalanced learning tasks, focusing on fraud detection using real online credit card payment data. We assess the performance of several recent AD methods and compare their effectiveness against standard supervised learning methods. Offering evidence of distribution shift within our dataset, we analyze its impact on the tested models' performances. Our findings reveal that LightGBM exhibits significantly superior performance across all evaluated metrics but suffers more from distribution shifts than AD methods. Furthermore"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2312.13896","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2312.13896/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:26:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yIqCINQnKYoYOwE0NMk8oxHjIPsJ3lWdxQYbJtvZ/QmR/dpTyVWo4NgxR4ZW67xX5fl/oy89JMOeXlVbrbj7DQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T17:10:05.523108Z"},"content_sha256":"c876481e098887468e767391dd79ad8b8e4ba90e88d8886518a4144d15edaab9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c876481e098887468e767391dd79ad8b8e4ba90e88d8886518a4144d15edaab9"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FLKK57TUXZIY7AYGTINTDZH6ZF/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FLKK57TUXZIY7AYGTINTDZH6ZF/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FLKK57TUXZIY7AYGTINTDZH6ZF/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-10T17:10:05Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/FLKK57TUXZIY7AYGTINTDZH6ZF","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/FLKK57TUXZIY7AYGTINTDZH6ZF/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/FLKK57TUXZIY7AYGTINTDZH6ZF/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FLKK57TUXZIY7AYGTINTDZH6ZF/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:FLKK57TUXZIY7AYGTINTDZH6ZF","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5d7b1ab478d8901d1a5abb0a563d1ffad699bc8aa4900b8da041c1551d5700e9","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.ST"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-12-21T14:42:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"24919faa76751cb825c03f498734eda6438392063db601b042faddcc6f3e08b0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2312.13896","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2312.13896","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:26:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2312.13896v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:26:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2312.13896","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:26:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FLKK57TUXZIY","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:26:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FLKK57TUXZIY7AYG","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:26:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FLKK57TU","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:26:57Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c876481e098887468e767391dd79ad8b8e4ba90e88d8886518a4144d15edaab9","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:26:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2312.13896/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This study explores the application of anomaly detection (AD) methods in imbalanced learning tasks, focusing on fraud detection using real online credit card payment data. We assess the performance of several recent AD methods and compare their effectiveness against standard supervised learning methods. Offering evidence of distribution shift within our dataset, we analyze its impact on the tested models' performances. Our findings reveal that LightGBM exhibits significantly superior performance across all evaluated metrics but suffers more from distribution shifts than AD methods. Furthermore","authors_text":"Arpad Rimmel, Bich-Li\\^en Doan, Fabrice Daniel, Fabrice Popineau, Hugo Thimonier","cross_cats":["q-fin.ST"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-12-21T14:42:42Z","title":"Comparative Evaluation of Anomaly Detection Methods for Fraud Detection in Online Credit Card Payments"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2312.13896","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b559e27317a7b318c3769b69a0edd3b6ec858719a3ce75c86ca8f284e925134d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:26:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5d7b1ab478d8901d1a5abb0a563d1ffad699bc8aa4900b8da041c1551d5700e9","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.ST"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-12-21T14:42:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"24919faa76751cb825c03f498734eda6438392063db601b042faddcc6f3e08b0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2312.13896","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"2ad4aefe74be518f83069a1b31e4fec9694ca2afece9842876899613efd9f2ba","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"2ad4aefe74be518f83069a1b31e4fec9694ca2afece9842876899613efd9f2ba","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:26:57.900492Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:26:57.900492Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"PaGO7TluZwsefPQXdBcb4SMGfVS58fWbAwDpEa9vc+1HbeCWTI7+PXTtTwRh2uyHuiSapg+wwqMIWMngH3DIBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:26:57.900993Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2312.13896","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b559e27317a7b318c3769b69a0edd3b6ec858719a3ce75c86ca8f284e925134d","sha256:c876481e098887468e767391dd79ad8b8e4ba90e88d8886518a4144d15edaab9"],"state_sha256":"c7104939e38971fa51a609e5c46f469de23b1675cba5c1fa7e6803a92dd59fcd"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"dXOcd3liXcceB1DPT0b4uTxiXPlLmgVmAJamp+7MW82SsC/LeOTGDvIJtFC4NPiWQNBjYIvsoX1HQrOvZUndDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T17:10:05.528402Z","bundle_sha256":"7862864bb5a61a463ba62084aeb37bcd5348e507c664a7a3dd3c8733c50274ef"}}