{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:FNS6PRK56HUAEL3KRUO254SYS3","short_pith_number":"pith:FNS6PRK5","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2307.02390","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2023-07-05T16:01:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"3994d26216de01f8c497627a434e8615c038978bf0a213c13a25423f9a3779c9","abstract_canon_sha256":"c428030aba34088996692a38d3d347a41210fda63a3fa1879bca121b9e5b17a5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2b65e7c55df1e8022f6a8d1daef25896c72489ef5bb3effe776926f5966c0632","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2307.02390","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2307.02390","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2307.02390v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2307.02390","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FNS6PRK56HUA","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FNS6PRK56HUAEL3K","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FNS6PRK5","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:08Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:FNS6PRK56HUAEL3KRUO254SYS3","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2307.02390","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2023-07-05T16:01:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"3994d26216de01f8c497627a434e8615c038978bf0a213c13a25423f9a3779c9","abstract_canon_sha256":"c428030aba34088996692a38d3d347a41210fda63a3fa1879bca121b9e5b17a5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2b65e7c55df1e8022f6a8d1daef25896c72489ef5bb3effe776926f5966c0632","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:08.287795Z","signature_b64":"D7h+4V3p3s4j6tPwGr/U+rnZhWs8d7MPkakMa2L39WmKmMmHl4HFAJLSeh0qUUz4LRVoVlRxPT4a24bLXLSGDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"2b65e7c55df1e8022f6a8d1daef25896c72489ef5bb3effe776926f5966c0632","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:08.287230Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:08.287230Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2307.02390","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"//dc7qXUILeeSx4y0AflMrSXmqjcltnCkFOxUqJGeoWOhlrHNkOyVru4iiAVwvVtqPldDMkOMTSi3YDPWXaGCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T09:26:49.714233Z"},"content_sha256":"f24f2a7081687b447ef3192b215a6e85da67c8d80ef23231fe0e6ee75a57b135","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f24f2a7081687b447ef3192b215a6e85da67c8d80ef23231fe0e6ee75a57b135"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:FNS6PRK56HUAEL3KRUO254SYS3","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Causal Discovery with Language Models as Imperfect Experts","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CL","cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.AI","authors_text":"Alexandre Drouin, Alexandre Pich\\'e, Stephanie Long, Tibor Schuster, Valentina Zantedeschi","submitted_at":"2023-07-05T16:01:38Z","abstract_excerpt":"Understanding the causal relationships that underlie a system is a fundamental prerequisite to accurate decision-making. In this work, we explore how expert knowledge can be used to improve the data-driven identification of causal graphs, beyond Markov equivalence classes. In doing so, we consider a setting where we can query an expert about the orientation of causal relationships between variables, but where the expert may provide erroneous information. We propose strategies for amending such expert knowledge based on consistency properties, e.g., acyclicity and conditional independencies in "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2307.02390","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2307.02390/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"CrYzqpSBpCECYAcaNkhHVTqgbideqXU/fVVW/oUXqCMkQ7BiUa7/vbPE9gamtof+TtjDhceE/vpVeDaQ/IhdBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T09:26:49.714760Z"},"content_sha256":"3b178facc1370c86ce0bc2640d7c8ec77ca860d41d93a13d0e2e359bdcfd99b4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3b178facc1370c86ce0bc2640d7c8ec77ca860d41d93a13d0e2e359bdcfd99b4"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FNS6PRK56HUAEL3KRUO254SYS3/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FNS6PRK56HUAEL3KRUO254SYS3/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FNS6PRK56HUAEL3KRUO254SYS3/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-17T09:26:49Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/FNS6PRK56HUAEL3KRUO254SYS3","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/FNS6PRK56HUAEL3KRUO254SYS3/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/FNS6PRK56HUAEL3KRUO254SYS3/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FNS6PRK56HUAEL3KRUO254SYS3/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:FNS6PRK56HUAEL3KRUO254SYS3","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c428030aba34088996692a38d3d347a41210fda63a3fa1879bca121b9e5b17a5","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2023-07-05T16:01:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"3994d26216de01f8c497627a434e8615c038978bf0a213c13a25423f9a3779c9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2307.02390","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2307.02390","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2307.02390v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2307.02390","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FNS6PRK56HUA","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FNS6PRK56HUAEL3K","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FNS6PRK5","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:08Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:3b178facc1370c86ce0bc2640d7c8ec77ca860d41d93a13d0e2e359bdcfd99b4","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2307.02390/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Understanding the causal relationships that underlie a system is a fundamental prerequisite to accurate decision-making. In this work, we explore how expert knowledge can be used to improve the data-driven identification of causal graphs, beyond Markov equivalence classes. In doing so, we consider a setting where we can query an expert about the orientation of causal relationships between variables, but where the expert may provide erroneous information. We propose strategies for amending such expert knowledge based on consistency properties, e.g., acyclicity and conditional independencies in ","authors_text":"Alexandre Drouin, Alexandre Pich\\'e, Stephanie Long, Tibor Schuster, Valentina Zantedeschi","cross_cats":["cs.CL","cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2023-07-05T16:01:38Z","title":"Causal Discovery with Language Models as Imperfect Experts"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2307.02390","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f24f2a7081687b447ef3192b215a6e85da67c8d80ef23231fe0e6ee75a57b135","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c428030aba34088996692a38d3d347a41210fda63a3fa1879bca121b9e5b17a5","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2023-07-05T16:01:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"3994d26216de01f8c497627a434e8615c038978bf0a213c13a25423f9a3779c9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2307.02390","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"2b65e7c55df1e8022f6a8d1daef25896c72489ef5bb3effe776926f5966c0632","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"2b65e7c55df1e8022f6a8d1daef25896c72489ef5bb3effe776926f5966c0632","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:08.287230Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:08.287230Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"D7h+4V3p3s4j6tPwGr/U+rnZhWs8d7MPkakMa2L39WmKmMmHl4HFAJLSeh0qUUz4LRVoVlRxPT4a24bLXLSGDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:08.287795Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2307.02390","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f24f2a7081687b447ef3192b215a6e85da67c8d80ef23231fe0e6ee75a57b135","sha256:3b178facc1370c86ce0bc2640d7c8ec77ca860d41d93a13d0e2e359bdcfd99b4"],"state_sha256":"fbda421211c9ec009072587979f21740e059084e9237602f29e0498e81fdc11c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"k7FqlcDDIK/a+UpOAMep7zg8DLG1xk3Oh+7yc46actjYqBBiY6ugPqFwWE89Aq8nHO5MVp3wOndrsBJKot90Bw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T09:26:49.718226Z","bundle_sha256":"a7a1ecc88500bdd27cbb0e77d38871be6b8d330109d7876030ea61983350c30f"}}