{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:FO2WGWRT5WHP6HWKMKCDWZSWLJ","short_pith_number":"pith:FO2WGWRT","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1509.08573","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.bio-ph","submitted_at":"2015-09-29T02:58:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":["q-bio.TO"],"title_canon_sha256":"4d518c5ba2d346e31bd064c7ad8a953fa9c450b140ccda051bb9b9ed7a503787","abstract_canon_sha256":"41475f0c17a5e6eac3fef39360c71a2d22490de741eb393af1b2cc3ca94dbc3d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2bb5635a33ed8eff1eca62843b66565a64758f12a1930b58ce7b00665bb48151","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1509.08573","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1509.08573","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1509.08573v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1509.08573","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FO2WGWRT5WHP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FO2WGWRT5WHP6HWK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FO2WGWRT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:19Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:FO2WGWRT5WHP6HWKMKCDWZSWLJ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1509.08573","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.bio-ph","submitted_at":"2015-09-29T02:58:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":["q-bio.TO"],"title_canon_sha256":"4d518c5ba2d346e31bd064c7ad8a953fa9c450b140ccda051bb9b9ed7a503787","abstract_canon_sha256":"41475f0c17a5e6eac3fef39360c71a2d22490de741eb393af1b2cc3ca94dbc3d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2bb5635a33ed8eff1eca62843b66565a64758f12a1930b58ce7b00665bb48151","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:57.233895Z","signature_b64":"xzEUtj+Mn2Z4Z4FqKuNz89D7/2GQMOwTM7XpenUtol9K5PRGp3DOy936Hv0uikZTXiTKOKxvL9TPkfY4aRtnBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"2bb5635a33ed8eff1eca62843b66565a64758f12a1930b58ce7b00665bb48151","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:57.233414Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:57.233414Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1509.08573","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8e8XRXXOAc9jwLp0BkLnor/nAkj5IW1X5vt/BoR/hjZWUDjsgBtTGMe8xJTBCxI0MXIBJAMUheU6vbMiXQsRAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T16:48:47.338022Z"},"content_sha256":"e3db7fb4f32987dbe23a61df0881b221fe564be4986325632ba86f0ad3054ba6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e3db7fb4f32987dbe23a61df0881b221fe564be4986325632ba86f0ad3054ba6"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:FO2WGWRT5WHP6HWKMKCDWZSWLJ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Entropy Production and the Pressure-Volume Curve of the Lung","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["q-bio.TO"],"primary_cat":"physics.bio-ph","authors_text":"Asc\\^anio D. Ara\\'ujo, B\\'ela Suki, Cl\\'audio L. N. Oliveira, Jason H. T. Bates, Jos\\'e S. Andrade Jr.","submitted_at":"2015-09-29T02:58:59Z","abstract_excerpt":"We investigate analytically the production of entropy during a breathing cycle in healthy and diseased lungs. First, we calculate entropy production in healthy lungs by applying the laws of thermodynamics to the well-known transpulmonary pressure-volume ($P-V$) curves of the lung under the assumption that lung tissue behaves as an entropy spring-like rubber. The bulk modulus, $B$, of the lung is also derived from these calculations. Second, we extend this approach to elastic recoil disorders of the lung such as occur in pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. These diseases are characterized by part"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1509.08573","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rHWRhTk/kXsA76cnTEqT4ojn1dJKd2UlJUB7Jo8963sfg4MmAimk6Gbdc1KCrF+MpKmN0TXX6UdJONPQGF7bAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T16:48:47.338669Z"},"content_sha256":"20b2b4cbaec49d0c1671eea69616a8911438ea0fe816afcc43371352755f7973","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:20b2b4cbaec49d0c1671eea69616a8911438ea0fe816afcc43371352755f7973"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FO2WGWRT5WHP6HWKMKCDWZSWLJ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FO2WGWRT5WHP6HWKMKCDWZSWLJ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FO2WGWRT5WHP6HWKMKCDWZSWLJ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T16:48:47Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/FO2WGWRT5WHP6HWKMKCDWZSWLJ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/FO2WGWRT5WHP6HWKMKCDWZSWLJ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/FO2WGWRT5WHP6HWKMKCDWZSWLJ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FO2WGWRT5WHP6HWKMKCDWZSWLJ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:FO2WGWRT5WHP6HWKMKCDWZSWLJ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"41475f0c17a5e6eac3fef39360c71a2d22490de741eb393af1b2cc3ca94dbc3d","cross_cats_sorted":["q-bio.TO"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.bio-ph","submitted_at":"2015-09-29T02:58:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"4d518c5ba2d346e31bd064c7ad8a953fa9c450b140ccda051bb9b9ed7a503787"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1509.08573","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1509.08573","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1509.08573v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1509.08573","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FO2WGWRT5WHP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FO2WGWRT5WHP6HWK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FO2WGWRT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:19Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:20b2b4cbaec49d0c1671eea69616a8911438ea0fe816afcc43371352755f7973","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We investigate analytically the production of entropy during a breathing cycle in healthy and diseased lungs. First, we calculate entropy production in healthy lungs by applying the laws of thermodynamics to the well-known transpulmonary pressure-volume ($P-V$) curves of the lung under the assumption that lung tissue behaves as an entropy spring-like rubber. The bulk modulus, $B$, of the lung is also derived from these calculations. Second, we extend this approach to elastic recoil disorders of the lung such as occur in pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. These diseases are characterized by part","authors_text":"Asc\\^anio D. Ara\\'ujo, B\\'ela Suki, Cl\\'audio L. N. Oliveira, Jason H. T. Bates, Jos\\'e S. Andrade Jr.","cross_cats":["q-bio.TO"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.bio-ph","submitted_at":"2015-09-29T02:58:59Z","title":"Entropy Production and the Pressure-Volume Curve of the Lung"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1509.08573","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e3db7fb4f32987dbe23a61df0881b221fe564be4986325632ba86f0ad3054ba6","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"41475f0c17a5e6eac3fef39360c71a2d22490de741eb393af1b2cc3ca94dbc3d","cross_cats_sorted":["q-bio.TO"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.bio-ph","submitted_at":"2015-09-29T02:58:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"4d518c5ba2d346e31bd064c7ad8a953fa9c450b140ccda051bb9b9ed7a503787"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1509.08573","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"2bb5635a33ed8eff1eca62843b66565a64758f12a1930b58ce7b00665bb48151","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"2bb5635a33ed8eff1eca62843b66565a64758f12a1930b58ce7b00665bb48151","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:57.233414Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:57.233414Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"xzEUtj+Mn2Z4Z4FqKuNz89D7/2GQMOwTM7XpenUtol9K5PRGp3DOy936Hv0uikZTXiTKOKxvL9TPkfY4aRtnBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:57.233895Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1509.08573","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e3db7fb4f32987dbe23a61df0881b221fe564be4986325632ba86f0ad3054ba6","sha256:20b2b4cbaec49d0c1671eea69616a8911438ea0fe816afcc43371352755f7973"],"state_sha256":"4c3d1f7d873fead37b41acd8c2c9641b303c05eb1f0587889b0524c8dc1e3248"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xGt3r75NaoVuYxh4bKR5Mqqgeu89NqvtE53wCo15dV7/Z0H+p6eJDFXCHiwlciUT7H4Kh9knrHCcV874B1JdCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T16:48:47.341987Z","bundle_sha256":"5eb6162c5cb2de190f8387f78672cfcf1fdfafb1d83dcdad40a3c876786baa56"}}