{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:FO4AOLGGIQYIQYLUWIELRMOY77","short_pith_number":"pith:FO4AOLGG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1311.2070","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","submitted_at":"2013-11-08T20:53:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.optics","quant-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"3f6ae52b169a2c0358f06e22e7928c80fc246842a74fb23b7c7830eb17ba04d2","abstract_canon_sha256":"ffaa0924c83f570e07f8225e9c3eefa19986c2ea30029a2de96bb3e490e28e4c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2bb8072cc64430886174b208b8b1d8ffd5edc62793da3a7b6a6edda608627494","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1311.2070","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1311.2070","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1311.2070v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1311.2070","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FO4AOLGGIQYI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FO4AOLGGIQYIQYLU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FO4AOLGG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:45Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:FO4AOLGGIQYIQYLUWIELRMOY77","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1311.2070","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","submitted_at":"2013-11-08T20:53:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.optics","quant-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"3f6ae52b169a2c0358f06e22e7928c80fc246842a74fb23b7c7830eb17ba04d2","abstract_canon_sha256":"ffaa0924c83f570e07f8225e9c3eefa19986c2ea30029a2de96bb3e490e28e4c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2bb8072cc64430886174b208b8b1d8ffd5edc62793da3a7b6a6edda608627494","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:33.590402Z","signature_b64":"G1+rwHnt2CxhYLAzqFjb/0BeHrFMjFMXDRi+/BdA/Sg8+RKkKLjv/mxsrJf+9uXn9GpFJWhbXH+havAK4xpZDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"2bb8072cc64430886174b208b8b1d8ffd5edc62793da3a7b6a6edda608627494","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:33.589856Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:33.589856Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1311.2070","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"K+ZJdmDF9fTdU4yHD5k+/OJ4iRBpf5GhDeEZQHZLY50UhplHIY0JWHeps8wt0zFv3rYpPetLHb2ONqSfNhy9Dw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T12:43:09.986178Z"},"content_sha256":"9255f033f0718f738de7499486c0583f17efad34dcaddfaada78081c3df7abbd","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9255f033f0718f738de7499486c0583f17efad34dcaddfaada78081c3df7abbd"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:FO4AOLGGIQYIQYLUWIELRMOY77","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Characterization of a commercially available large area, high detection efficiency single-photon avalanche diode","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.optics","quant-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","authors_text":"Daqing Wang, Mario Stip\\v{c}evi\\'c, Rupert Ursin","submitted_at":"2013-11-08T20:53:54Z","abstract_excerpt":"We characterize a new commercial, back-illuminated reach-through silicon single-photon avalanche photo diode (SPAD) SAP500 (Laser Components. Inc.), operated in Geiger-mode for purpose of photon counting. We show that for this sensor a significant interplay exists between dark counts, detection efficiency, afterpulsing, excess voltage and operating temperature, sometimes requiring a careful optimization tailored for a specific application. We find that a large flat plateau of sensitive area of about 0.5 mm in diameter, a peak quantum efficiency of 73% at 560 nm and timing precision down to 150"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1311.2070","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6JD7FiNboKZrE7Ja9dOxj9elImnvfZvsX89wqQuNleJPNimvdNOCCDoHcO/PYuW1Pn2eO4u8suk0AUT8rcqUCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T12:43:09.986535Z"},"content_sha256":"8fb188032a5c99195a43964fe5b9620d70f9313db309a55cdae2cc1c586e075a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8fb188032a5c99195a43964fe5b9620d70f9313db309a55cdae2cc1c586e075a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FO4AOLGGIQYIQYLUWIELRMOY77/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FO4AOLGGIQYIQYLUWIELRMOY77/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FO4AOLGGIQYIQYLUWIELRMOY77/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-07T12:43:09Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/FO4AOLGGIQYIQYLUWIELRMOY77","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/FO4AOLGGIQYIQYLUWIELRMOY77/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/FO4AOLGGIQYIQYLUWIELRMOY77/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FO4AOLGGIQYIQYLUWIELRMOY77/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:FO4AOLGGIQYIQYLUWIELRMOY77","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ffaa0924c83f570e07f8225e9c3eefa19986c2ea30029a2de96bb3e490e28e4c","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.optics","quant-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","submitted_at":"2013-11-08T20:53:54Z","title_canon_sha256":"3f6ae52b169a2c0358f06e22e7928c80fc246842a74fb23b7c7830eb17ba04d2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1311.2070","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1311.2070","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1311.2070v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1311.2070","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FO4AOLGGIQYI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FO4AOLGGIQYIQYLU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FO4AOLGG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:45Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:8fb188032a5c99195a43964fe5b9620d70f9313db309a55cdae2cc1c586e075a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We characterize a new commercial, back-illuminated reach-through silicon single-photon avalanche photo diode (SPAD) SAP500 (Laser Components. Inc.), operated in Geiger-mode for purpose of photon counting. We show that for this sensor a significant interplay exists between dark counts, detection efficiency, afterpulsing, excess voltage and operating temperature, sometimes requiring a careful optimization tailored for a specific application. We find that a large flat plateau of sensitive area of about 0.5 mm in diameter, a peak quantum efficiency of 73% at 560 nm and timing precision down to 150","authors_text":"Daqing Wang, Mario Stip\\v{c}evi\\'c, Rupert Ursin","cross_cats":["physics.optics","quant-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","submitted_at":"2013-11-08T20:53:54Z","title":"Characterization of a commercially available large area, high detection efficiency single-photon avalanche diode"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1311.2070","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:9255f033f0718f738de7499486c0583f17efad34dcaddfaada78081c3df7abbd","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ffaa0924c83f570e07f8225e9c3eefa19986c2ea30029a2de96bb3e490e28e4c","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.optics","quant-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","submitted_at":"2013-11-08T20:53:54Z","title_canon_sha256":"3f6ae52b169a2c0358f06e22e7928c80fc246842a74fb23b7c7830eb17ba04d2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1311.2070","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"2bb8072cc64430886174b208b8b1d8ffd5edc62793da3a7b6a6edda608627494","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"2bb8072cc64430886174b208b8b1d8ffd5edc62793da3a7b6a6edda608627494","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:33.589856Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:33.589856Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"G1+rwHnt2CxhYLAzqFjb/0BeHrFMjFMXDRi+/BdA/Sg8+RKkKLjv/mxsrJf+9uXn9GpFJWhbXH+havAK4xpZDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:33.590402Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1311.2070","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:9255f033f0718f738de7499486c0583f17efad34dcaddfaada78081c3df7abbd","sha256:8fb188032a5c99195a43964fe5b9620d70f9313db309a55cdae2cc1c586e075a"],"state_sha256":"ef61ea44d1773eac5beb8c4eae698adc7e1b565005e517ab869eb61f4d117a34"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"PPyVnloOK5enov3tTa2/I9Oe7ekFEHOsbS7eqOWYSZXrp8Ayqht1eEPX0u6BQL/GIXtZowlmLPOQjeOjsTiHCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T12:43:09.988513Z","bundle_sha256":"0c5f60a7ef2167ea8cb867a494ac176bb66b4923cb3300596b81f330cd4ffdf8"}}