{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:FPAJ62BPWVW7LWXNZKPH25MGEJ","short_pith_number":"pith:FPAJ62BP","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1812.02087","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2018-12-05T16:22:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3113560176d131b70606b9f46dc8e8a78beb40b99e951d688be9021fc2971a5c","abstract_canon_sha256":"308644e4aa2f85312511530b5f23400daf8fabb56444ec635964866a16682c57"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2bc09f682fb56df5daedca9e7d7586226bd0d41f82c194c803ba6aa3442e4ddb","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1812.02087","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1812.02087","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1812.02087v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1812.02087","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FPAJ62BPWVW7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FPAJ62BPWVW7LWXN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FPAJ62BP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:25Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:FPAJ62BPWVW7LWXNZKPH25MGEJ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1812.02087","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2018-12-05T16:22:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3113560176d131b70606b9f46dc8e8a78beb40b99e951d688be9021fc2971a5c","abstract_canon_sha256":"308644e4aa2f85312511530b5f23400daf8fabb56444ec635964866a16682c57"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2bc09f682fb56df5daedca9e7d7586226bd0d41f82c194c803ba6aa3442e4ddb","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:59.744751Z","signature_b64":"eWgHs4jlNPqsZmJv9aZngZF1cRSEGgMW/iCj66v1+3UIVblDPLUNOWAazZyFqm0DZfgBVzHWL/BnC0R1+SxlBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"2bc09f682fb56df5daedca9e7d7586226bd0d41f82c194c803ba6aa3442e4ddb","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:59.744239Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:59.744239Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1812.02087","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"EJD0/XcmRSBP0pc7hCQZRWYyKjjY/okwSKJaZLEPBa5Wr9cIhShvk9nGkcxbQ0uVZEoD6BgEXM2qRSVZ2SFDCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T09:52:25.291984Z"},"content_sha256":"f0a94b3a34eb5dd26b815f17569b5a299b27040b4550b9399cb83c0301218138","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f0a94b3a34eb5dd26b815f17569b5a299b27040b4550b9399cb83c0301218138"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:FPAJ62BPWVW7LWXNZKPH25MGEJ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Detecting Noisy Channels by Channel Discrimination : Local versus Entangled Resources","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Joonwoo Bae, Tanmay Singal","submitted_at":"2018-12-05T16:22:36Z","abstract_excerpt":"Dynamics of many-qubit systems, that may correspond to computational processing with quantum systems, can be efficiently and generally approximated by a sequence of two- and single-qubit gates. In practical applications, however, a quantum gate prepared as a unitary transformation may appear as a noisy channel and consequently may inhibit quantum advantages. In this work, we apply the scheme of channel discrimination to detect if a quantum gate that is actually realized is unitary or noisy. We show that a two-qubit unitary transformation and its noisy counterpart can be optimally discriminated"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1812.02087","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"l3xm4W33sqyttp7b2qBtik1HImwWCqI6KgXIkDznVMyPVY+f03nLQrNrcJc1pCDqLKF2qB5+iefAIVa5kDbdDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T09:52:25.292344Z"},"content_sha256":"3bd96df9f59d84cbfc82952e27f329f162018494e521ef14003cde589a6dbb40","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3bd96df9f59d84cbfc82952e27f329f162018494e521ef14003cde589a6dbb40"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FPAJ62BPWVW7LWXNZKPH25MGEJ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FPAJ62BPWVW7LWXNZKPH25MGEJ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FPAJ62BPWVW7LWXNZKPH25MGEJ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-05T09:52:25Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/FPAJ62BPWVW7LWXNZKPH25MGEJ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/FPAJ62BPWVW7LWXNZKPH25MGEJ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/FPAJ62BPWVW7LWXNZKPH25MGEJ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FPAJ62BPWVW7LWXNZKPH25MGEJ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:FPAJ62BPWVW7LWXNZKPH25MGEJ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"308644e4aa2f85312511530b5f23400daf8fabb56444ec635964866a16682c57","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2018-12-05T16:22:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"3113560176d131b70606b9f46dc8e8a78beb40b99e951d688be9021fc2971a5c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1812.02087","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1812.02087","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1812.02087v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1812.02087","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FPAJ62BPWVW7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FPAJ62BPWVW7LWXN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FPAJ62BP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:25Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:3bd96df9f59d84cbfc82952e27f329f162018494e521ef14003cde589a6dbb40","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Dynamics of many-qubit systems, that may correspond to computational processing with quantum systems, can be efficiently and generally approximated by a sequence of two- and single-qubit gates. In practical applications, however, a quantum gate prepared as a unitary transformation may appear as a noisy channel and consequently may inhibit quantum advantages. In this work, we apply the scheme of channel discrimination to detect if a quantum gate that is actually realized is unitary or noisy. We show that a two-qubit unitary transformation and its noisy counterpart can be optimally discriminated","authors_text":"Joonwoo Bae, Tanmay Singal","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2018-12-05T16:22:36Z","title":"Detecting Noisy Channels by Channel Discrimination : Local versus Entangled Resources"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1812.02087","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f0a94b3a34eb5dd26b815f17569b5a299b27040b4550b9399cb83c0301218138","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"308644e4aa2f85312511530b5f23400daf8fabb56444ec635964866a16682c57","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2018-12-05T16:22:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"3113560176d131b70606b9f46dc8e8a78beb40b99e951d688be9021fc2971a5c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1812.02087","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"2bc09f682fb56df5daedca9e7d7586226bd0d41f82c194c803ba6aa3442e4ddb","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"2bc09f682fb56df5daedca9e7d7586226bd0d41f82c194c803ba6aa3442e4ddb","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:59.744239Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:59.744239Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"eWgHs4jlNPqsZmJv9aZngZF1cRSEGgMW/iCj66v1+3UIVblDPLUNOWAazZyFqm0DZfgBVzHWL/BnC0R1+SxlBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:59.744751Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1812.02087","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f0a94b3a34eb5dd26b815f17569b5a299b27040b4550b9399cb83c0301218138","sha256:3bd96df9f59d84cbfc82952e27f329f162018494e521ef14003cde589a6dbb40"],"state_sha256":"f5f6ac791477cb5d29be86509edc7171416631b83cc7347c4377e41db849c275"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"t7JifflAWsj+gCYVe4FonMQY1F5i6p1xpPnCdMLFx7JU9qQZnPXRFMpI59poe/XqdDJzYtylqRrFhEOABynyBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T09:52:25.294332Z","bundle_sha256":"3bf4810fa44db8ae83406cf8a1347d0be187c1d81f96d23ffb119d69d1d5cb06"}}