{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2000:FPKIJK3A3SYWRGTI6LPB7M22RX","short_pith_number":"pith:FPKIJK3A","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"hep-th/0007056","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2000-07-06T22:57:19Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b62849cacbb9eded46a7997312940c36b45e8a77a2d1c8c51f27ddd555a9f4b2","abstract_canon_sha256":"af6092c997d942fd7c009831faaf46e49003cf36d6ec57b307b2c19da65cfc14"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2bd484ab60dcb1689a68f2de1fb35a8dd12b5d9e75daabce0f200758ff02a1a5","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"hep-th/0007056","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"hep-th/0007056","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:35:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"hep-th/0007056v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:35:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/0007056","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:35:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FPKIJK3A3SYW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FPKIJK3A3SYWRGTI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FPKIJK3A","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2000:FPKIJK3A3SYWRGTI6LPB7M22RX","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"hep-th/0007056","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2000-07-06T22:57:19Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b62849cacbb9eded46a7997312940c36b45e8a77a2d1c8c51f27ddd555a9f4b2","abstract_canon_sha256":"af6092c997d942fd7c009831faaf46e49003cf36d6ec57b307b2c19da65cfc14"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2bd484ab60dcb1689a68f2de1fb35a8dd12b5d9e75daabce0f200758ff02a1a5","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:35:24.110226Z","signature_b64":"rnjO8wkY75C8G+V2mtxF4A7GExLBKY3Q2tFwIojTARKkUS2uONgAmDqiv1z5+iEv985Euu4Hrf/8eitrEwYcDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"2bd484ab60dcb1689a68f2de1fb35a8dd12b5d9e75daabce0f200758ff02a1a5","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:35:24.109696Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:35:24.109696Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"hep-th/0007056","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:35:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4zN1blp6J9kZ6LYn5IL1Wq/qUaaqHwafvqW3gN8cq1Om8WjhSI0vVlU2GVikD6jACL5NPZ4vxx8i/T1GgkosCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T05:10:11.787703Z"},"content_sha256":"8fe4da002793a0cfe314b1f90e2df58d5c17c686a3c3735f4035a6bcda49c9ee","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8fe4da002793a0cfe314b1f90e2df58d5c17c686a3c3735f4035a6bcda49c9ee"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2000:FPKIJK3A3SYWRGTI6LPB7M22RX","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Confinement and the Short Type I' Flux Tube","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"Shyamoli Chaudhuri","submitted_at":"2000-07-06T22:57:19Z","abstract_excerpt":"We show that the recent world-sheet analysis of the quantum fluctuations of a short flux tube in type II string theory leads to a simple and precise description of a pair of stuck D0branes in an orientifold compactification of the type I' string theory. The existence of a stable type I' flux tube of sub-string-scale length is a consequence of the confinement of quantized flux associated with the scalar dualized ten-form background field strength *F_{10}, evidence for a -2brane in the BPS spectrum of M theory. Using heterotic-type I duality, we infer the existence of an M2brane of finite width "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"hep-th/0007056","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:35:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vN8qRBkdJdIh0MojhhgExQU7u6Rlbd73IlNoXWJukY8//ZTAfAJeciAggeH4/pSRdtNlyPuvJH3KSkmHO74TCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T05:10:11.788370Z"},"content_sha256":"0a7844de77950a4272b84e7f9507d9c3abafd16a03eeccdc1f863f3397e4b5d3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0a7844de77950a4272b84e7f9507d9c3abafd16a03eeccdc1f863f3397e4b5d3"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FPKIJK3A3SYWRGTI6LPB7M22RX/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FPKIJK3A3SYWRGTI6LPB7M22RX/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FPKIJK3A3SYWRGTI6LPB7M22RX/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-30T05:10:11Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/FPKIJK3A3SYWRGTI6LPB7M22RX","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/FPKIJK3A3SYWRGTI6LPB7M22RX/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/FPKIJK3A3SYWRGTI6LPB7M22RX/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FPKIJK3A3SYWRGTI6LPB7M22RX/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2000:FPKIJK3A3SYWRGTI6LPB7M22RX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"af6092c997d942fd7c009831faaf46e49003cf36d6ec57b307b2c19da65cfc14","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2000-07-06T22:57:19Z","title_canon_sha256":"b62849cacbb9eded46a7997312940c36b45e8a77a2d1c8c51f27ddd555a9f4b2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"hep-th/0007056","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"hep-th/0007056","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:35:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"hep-th/0007056v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:35:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/0007056","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:35:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FPKIJK3A3SYW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FPKIJK3A3SYWRGTI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FPKIJK3A","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0a7844de77950a4272b84e7f9507d9c3abafd16a03eeccdc1f863f3397e4b5d3","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:35:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We show that the recent world-sheet analysis of the quantum fluctuations of a short flux tube in type II string theory leads to a simple and precise description of a pair of stuck D0branes in an orientifold compactification of the type I' string theory. The existence of a stable type I' flux tube of sub-string-scale length is a consequence of the confinement of quantized flux associated with the scalar dualized ten-form background field strength *F_{10}, evidence for a -2brane in the BPS spectrum of M theory. Using heterotic-type I duality, we infer the existence of an M2brane of finite width ","authors_text":"Shyamoli Chaudhuri","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2000-07-06T22:57:19Z","title":"Confinement and the Short Type I' Flux Tube"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"hep-th/0007056","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:8fe4da002793a0cfe314b1f90e2df58d5c17c686a3c3735f4035a6bcda49c9ee","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:35:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"af6092c997d942fd7c009831faaf46e49003cf36d6ec57b307b2c19da65cfc14","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2000-07-06T22:57:19Z","title_canon_sha256":"b62849cacbb9eded46a7997312940c36b45e8a77a2d1c8c51f27ddd555a9f4b2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"hep-th/0007056","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"2bd484ab60dcb1689a68f2de1fb35a8dd12b5d9e75daabce0f200758ff02a1a5","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"2bd484ab60dcb1689a68f2de1fb35a8dd12b5d9e75daabce0f200758ff02a1a5","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:35:24.109696Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:35:24.109696Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"rnjO8wkY75C8G+V2mtxF4A7GExLBKY3Q2tFwIojTARKkUS2uONgAmDqiv1z5+iEv985Euu4Hrf/8eitrEwYcDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:35:24.110226Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"hep-th/0007056","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:8fe4da002793a0cfe314b1f90e2df58d5c17c686a3c3735f4035a6bcda49c9ee","sha256:0a7844de77950a4272b84e7f9507d9c3abafd16a03eeccdc1f863f3397e4b5d3"],"state_sha256":"2a35d43db3f00fdda8bbc0cde7f368e78e2657de7420157550731cd52eba88f0"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ysQVEYS2rb9cY9RQXzVpygGlO+ROKRdj53RI4n0ANohDvqHdBy2rFLutA8DENA101uFDMZ5xGeEo2dsK6lJFBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T05:10:11.791711Z","bundle_sha256":"af4362b502984ab28b5230da2b75772423db4668a002d76441d9143a1def483b"}}