{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:FRIMIEXM5E2M6RLA2CMS3T5KJ2","short_pith_number":"pith:FRIMIEXM","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1901.11503","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-01-31T18:05:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.RO","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"a5a38a23477bae3d22d6dfe97bd344981f4eb2f71d3bf605935caf720c1a8411","abstract_canon_sha256":"2f66f907e8643bcf3a69830dc4e3bf1d118770dbbfa0a40b693fc9cb07fb3f1d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2c50c412ece934cf4560d0992dcfaa4ebab5ffd883cd53be04131de13607e8c1","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1901.11503","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1901.11503","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1901.11503v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1901.11503","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FRIMIEXM5E2M","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FRIMIEXM5E2M6RLA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FRIMIEXM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:15Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:FRIMIEXM5E2M6RLA2CMS3T5KJ2","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1901.11503","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-01-31T18:05:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.RO","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"a5a38a23477bae3d22d6dfe97bd344981f4eb2f71d3bf605935caf720c1a8411","abstract_canon_sha256":"2f66f907e8643bcf3a69830dc4e3bf1d118770dbbfa0a40b693fc9cb07fb3f1d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2c50c412ece934cf4560d0992dcfaa4ebab5ffd883cd53be04131de13607e8c1","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:01.705559Z","signature_b64":"oIbgyDkWSTzkyQe5omqWFp2DbddN/EHpLRYAZ0MDE+CucGq2NLXC8jbABbU/IcZ5MmEx1JBSqhJwdUO85kkJDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"2c50c412ece934cf4560d0992dcfaa4ebab5ffd883cd53be04131de13607e8c1","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:01.705095Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:01.705095Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1901.11503","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Ev/iO4S+i/pcwdYWaEaREJrWGUBsHdHDKTKO8U3OxqqA19tNbved2WP6u+QKGF6dcyDX2s02Sz0BlI4ApGYpDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T11:10:17.848271Z"},"content_sha256":"b5b674c6e31e56456f220151cf9d34d492a3ed1b882ad38e446122ab684cdf41","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b5b674c6e31e56456f220151cf9d34d492a3ed1b882ad38e446122ab684cdf41"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:FRIMIEXM5E2M6RLA2CMS3T5KJ2","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Contrasting Exploration in Parameter and Action Space: A Zeroth-Order Optimization Perspective","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.RO","stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Anirudh Vemula, J. Andrew Bagnell, Wen Sun","submitted_at":"2019-01-31T18:05:05Z","abstract_excerpt":"Black-box optimizers that explore in parameter space have often been shown to outperform more sophisticated action space exploration methods developed specifically for the reinforcement learning problem. We examine these black-box methods closely to identify situations in which they are worse than action space exploration methods and those in which they are superior. Through simple theoretical analyses, we prove that complexity of exploration in parameter space depends on the dimensionality of parameter space, while complexity of exploration in action space depends on both the dimensionality o"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1901.11503","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Cbo/auM3BodZ1zMIrs/zPRO1v75i5jWCBWZ9TnxoU2thBhWZ5ac6Ypt0pVmJTXm6JtV7fsq117ReFQkXGCMXBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T11:10:17.848636Z"},"content_sha256":"880aaf94c33c30eb1ae938242d9fae734e514765c3abb86cf797eae4ecc2bea9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:880aaf94c33c30eb1ae938242d9fae734e514765c3abb86cf797eae4ecc2bea9"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FRIMIEXM5E2M6RLA2CMS3T5KJ2/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FRIMIEXM5E2M6RLA2CMS3T5KJ2/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FRIMIEXM5E2M6RLA2CMS3T5KJ2/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-09T11:10:17Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/FRIMIEXM5E2M6RLA2CMS3T5KJ2","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/FRIMIEXM5E2M6RLA2CMS3T5KJ2/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/FRIMIEXM5E2M6RLA2CMS3T5KJ2/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FRIMIEXM5E2M6RLA2CMS3T5KJ2/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:FRIMIEXM5E2M6RLA2CMS3T5KJ2","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2f66f907e8643bcf3a69830dc4e3bf1d118770dbbfa0a40b693fc9cb07fb3f1d","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.RO","stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-01-31T18:05:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"a5a38a23477bae3d22d6dfe97bd344981f4eb2f71d3bf605935caf720c1a8411"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1901.11503","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1901.11503","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1901.11503v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1901.11503","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FRIMIEXM5E2M","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FRIMIEXM5E2M6RLA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FRIMIEXM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:15Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:880aaf94c33c30eb1ae938242d9fae734e514765c3abb86cf797eae4ecc2bea9","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Black-box optimizers that explore in parameter space have often been shown to outperform more sophisticated action space exploration methods developed specifically for the reinforcement learning problem. We examine these black-box methods closely to identify situations in which they are worse than action space exploration methods and those in which they are superior. Through simple theoretical analyses, we prove that complexity of exploration in parameter space depends on the dimensionality of parameter space, while complexity of exploration in action space depends on both the dimensionality o","authors_text":"Anirudh Vemula, J. Andrew Bagnell, Wen Sun","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.RO","stat.ML"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-01-31T18:05:05Z","title":"Contrasting Exploration in Parameter and Action Space: A Zeroth-Order Optimization Perspective"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1901.11503","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b5b674c6e31e56456f220151cf9d34d492a3ed1b882ad38e446122ab684cdf41","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2f66f907e8643bcf3a69830dc4e3bf1d118770dbbfa0a40b693fc9cb07fb3f1d","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.RO","stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-01-31T18:05:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"a5a38a23477bae3d22d6dfe97bd344981f4eb2f71d3bf605935caf720c1a8411"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1901.11503","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"2c50c412ece934cf4560d0992dcfaa4ebab5ffd883cd53be04131de13607e8c1","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"2c50c412ece934cf4560d0992dcfaa4ebab5ffd883cd53be04131de13607e8c1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:01.705095Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:01.705095Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"oIbgyDkWSTzkyQe5omqWFp2DbddN/EHpLRYAZ0MDE+CucGq2NLXC8jbABbU/IcZ5MmEx1JBSqhJwdUO85kkJDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:55:01.705559Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1901.11503","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b5b674c6e31e56456f220151cf9d34d492a3ed1b882ad38e446122ab684cdf41","sha256:880aaf94c33c30eb1ae938242d9fae734e514765c3abb86cf797eae4ecc2bea9"],"state_sha256":"acbad2cdb0ef4b766d533713c84e801109d5eafcb80ef00689619c7f9c3cbcf5"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"e2riovVF5zh1dq3iwgQvXW5Iqvq+rCl2AZ9ZRpVsouFTRWr0zo2a2ivr7ZDcwoWnRHSq8AWe8yYth4iLLYDqDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T11:10:17.850526Z","bundle_sha256":"c81c477a65f3dce1e4d93801ed582f20d8d17e269e08f6b46c9ca1705de7f1df"}}