{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:FRKJOIBOO6P4DTVDOZZFS3VBLE","short_pith_number":"pith:FRKJOIBO","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1809.00549","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2018-09-03T11:05:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"f1385d586ca2b727b409eaffe221349848da07ab409f5a4391c0502d16005ea9","abstract_canon_sha256":"63078c6df5ce8e1e190502c5c3045500dff8c810eec3af5470e647c8932174cb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2c5497202e779fc1cea37672596ea15932a1a2c2b08ffe98aff9d454695e9b5f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1809.00549","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1809.00549","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1809.00549v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1809.00549","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FRKJOIBOO6P4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FRKJOIBOO6P4DTVD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FRKJOIBO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:25Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:FRKJOIBOO6P4DTVDOZZFS3VBLE","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1809.00549","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2018-09-03T11:05:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"f1385d586ca2b727b409eaffe221349848da07ab409f5a4391c0502d16005ea9","abstract_canon_sha256":"63078c6df5ce8e1e190502c5c3045500dff8c810eec3af5470e647c8932174cb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2c5497202e779fc1cea37672596ea15932a1a2c2b08ffe98aff9d454695e9b5f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:38.496486Z","signature_b64":"H+FcH5qhCuhajxYidBOrc316HCJJzSELkCSP175H9+jOV+bVdfkP9xPXw35mJ738lTfyWYiFIFBtqKnH6TOBCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"2c5497202e779fc1cea37672596ea15932a1a2c2b08ffe98aff9d454695e9b5f","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:38.496050Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:38.496050Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1809.00549","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bXTMrRgR4y75wKQVE14IqS+ljJL68jmkYOlPBHBac+umpB5dZEmM7Jt1TOMhm9OHzBjryp9adUkWM3Q4eu70Aw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T07:13:18.411563Z"},"content_sha256":"e48486788c2c887b8d0c7b22a2a8684ede1dd938ac37b5ce40e8aef85d321f0f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e48486788c2c887b8d0c7b22a2a8684ede1dd938ac37b5ce40e8aef85d321f0f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:FRKJOIBOO6P4DTVDOZZFS3VBLE","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Emergence of Communication in an Interactive World with Consistent Speakers","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Ben Bogin, Jonathan Berant, Mor Geva","submitted_at":"2018-09-03T11:05:00Z","abstract_excerpt":"Training agents to communicate with one another given task-based supervision only has attracted considerable attention recently, due to the growing interest in developing models for human-agent interaction. Prior work on the topic focused on simple environments, where training using policy gradient was feasible despite the non-stationarity of the agents during training. In this paper, we present a more challenging environment for testing the emergence of communication from raw pixels, where training using policy gradient fails. We propose a new model and training algorithm, that utilizes the s"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1809.00549","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"U49vSzSS2C2vcB5Cx1W9U5q1sG0YCeiZ2SlcNIl8k8u/AY5h4bh8kLHK3eIzwvWv7uUOIZVJVwdrmmGaha9nBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T07:13:18.412250Z"},"content_sha256":"c6cf1d4be4443e253a8d857c296a50f6900464a55b8017d70a1852944013d4e9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c6cf1d4be4443e253a8d857c296a50f6900464a55b8017d70a1852944013d4e9"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FRKJOIBOO6P4DTVDOZZFS3VBLE/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FRKJOIBOO6P4DTVDOZZFS3VBLE/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FRKJOIBOO6P4DTVDOZZFS3VBLE/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-30T07:13:18Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/FRKJOIBOO6P4DTVDOZZFS3VBLE","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/FRKJOIBOO6P4DTVDOZZFS3VBLE/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/FRKJOIBOO6P4DTVDOZZFS3VBLE/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FRKJOIBOO6P4DTVDOZZFS3VBLE/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:FRKJOIBOO6P4DTVDOZZFS3VBLE","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"63078c6df5ce8e1e190502c5c3045500dff8c810eec3af5470e647c8932174cb","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2018-09-03T11:05:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"f1385d586ca2b727b409eaffe221349848da07ab409f5a4391c0502d16005ea9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1809.00549","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1809.00549","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1809.00549v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1809.00549","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FRKJOIBOO6P4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FRKJOIBOO6P4DTVD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FRKJOIBO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:25Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c6cf1d4be4443e253a8d857c296a50f6900464a55b8017d70a1852944013d4e9","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Training agents to communicate with one another given task-based supervision only has attracted considerable attention recently, due to the growing interest in developing models for human-agent interaction. Prior work on the topic focused on simple environments, where training using policy gradient was feasible despite the non-stationarity of the agents during training. In this paper, we present a more challenging environment for testing the emergence of communication from raw pixels, where training using policy gradient fails. We propose a new model and training algorithm, that utilizes the s","authors_text":"Ben Bogin, Jonathan Berant, Mor Geva","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2018-09-03T11:05:00Z","title":"Emergence of Communication in an Interactive World with Consistent Speakers"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1809.00549","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e48486788c2c887b8d0c7b22a2a8684ede1dd938ac37b5ce40e8aef85d321f0f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"63078c6df5ce8e1e190502c5c3045500dff8c810eec3af5470e647c8932174cb","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2018-09-03T11:05:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"f1385d586ca2b727b409eaffe221349848da07ab409f5a4391c0502d16005ea9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1809.00549","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"2c5497202e779fc1cea37672596ea15932a1a2c2b08ffe98aff9d454695e9b5f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"2c5497202e779fc1cea37672596ea15932a1a2c2b08ffe98aff9d454695e9b5f","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:38.496050Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:38.496050Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"H+FcH5qhCuhajxYidBOrc316HCJJzSELkCSP175H9+jOV+bVdfkP9xPXw35mJ738lTfyWYiFIFBtqKnH6TOBCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:38.496486Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1809.00549","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e48486788c2c887b8d0c7b22a2a8684ede1dd938ac37b5ce40e8aef85d321f0f","sha256:c6cf1d4be4443e253a8d857c296a50f6900464a55b8017d70a1852944013d4e9"],"state_sha256":"235e593f040752af7c97c80ba4a4697a86575f9094c50ba6065e8a9afe77b1c7"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xGXrNWzRlF79Ws8D6xVvDXB42I/sTKHnh5Z9U0fea1AxZYC6fAafvsL/z5JSnpj7LlOHth1TfuYD+JmvH7sMAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T07:13:18.415735Z","bundle_sha256":"ce9d0003cac918a79442176aa134a3cce46dd28ab7bc46030ca3d4fbd947626e"}}