{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2012:FSWGKLDRQK4GG7PFXST6BXAG2D","short_pith_number":"pith:FSWGKLDR","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"2cac652c7182b8637de5bca7e0dc06d0ca3019b82d810a97a9ab4ab6beb0f1e0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1210.2027","version":2},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Effective spontaneous PT-symmetry breaking in hybridized metamaterials","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mes-hall","physics.class-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"Fu Liu, Jensen Li, Ming Kang","submitted_at":"2012-10-07T06:21:52Z","abstract_excerpt":"We show that metamaterials can be used as a testing ground to investigate spontaneous symmetry breaking associated with non-Hermitian quantum systems. By exploring the interplay between near-field dipolar coupling and material absorption or gain, we demonstrate various spontaneous breaking processes of the $\\mathcal{PT}$-symmetry for a series of effective Hamiltonians associated to the scattering matrix. By tuning the coupling parameter, coherent perfect absorption, laser action and gain-induced complete reflection ($\\pi$ reflector) by using an ultra-thin metamaterial can be obtained. Moreover"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1210.2027","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2012-10-07T06:21:52Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mes-hall","physics.class-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"a319d39cd03cbdd1da318b968409f818e87667804500dc8e4e696ced457d6f60","abstract_canon_sha256":"9a2dcad7d78d5f0ce1c31e3d4b3241fcbd2a545dff594a4f0861076e25ca9d84"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:54:04.901659Z","signature_b64":"L9xs6Zm++IesLS3tZDzOdDAM77UwzsKlA/7tcPnuOx8/7hm0qGxA83m0ZhF10MUm0ekf8sTvwN44B99JH9WZCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"2cac652c7182b8637de5bca7e0dc06d0ca3019b82d810a97a9ab4ab6beb0f1e0","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:54:04.901201Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:54:04.901201Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Effective spontaneous PT-symmetry breaking in hybridized metamaterials","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mes-hall","physics.class-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"Fu Liu, Jensen Li, Ming Kang","submitted_at":"2012-10-07T06:21:52Z","abstract_excerpt":"We show that metamaterials can be used as a testing ground to investigate spontaneous symmetry breaking associated with non-Hermitian quantum systems. By exploring the interplay between near-field dipolar coupling and material absorption or gain, we demonstrate various spontaneous breaking processes of the $\\mathcal{PT}$-symmetry for a series of effective Hamiltonians associated to the scattering matrix. By tuning the coupling parameter, coherent perfect absorption, laser action and gain-induced complete reflection ($\\pi$ reflector) by using an ultra-thin metamaterial can be obtained. Moreover"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1210.2027","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1210.2027","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:54:04.901278+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1210.2027v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:54:04.901278+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1210.2027","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:54:04.901278+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FSWGKLDRQK4G","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:06.952714+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FSWGKLDRQK4GG7PF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:06.952714+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FSWGKLDR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:06.952714+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/FSWGKLDRQK4GG7PFXST6BXAG2D","json":"https://pith.science/pith/FSWGKLDRQK4GG7PFXST6BXAG2D.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/FSWGKLDRQK4GG7PFXST6BXAG2D/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/FSWGKLDRQK4GG7PFXST6BXAG2D/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/FSWGKLDR"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/FSWGKLDRQK4GG7PFXST6BXAG2D","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/FSWGKLDRQK4GG7PFXST6BXAG2D.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/FSWGKLDR","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1210.2027&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/FSWGKLDRQK4GG7PFXST6BXAG2D/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/FSWGKLDRQK4GG7PFXST6BXAG2D/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/FSWGKLDRQK4GG7PFXST6BXAG2D/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/FSWGKLDRQK4GG7PFXST6BXAG2D/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/FSWGKLDRQK4GG7PFXST6BXAG2D/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/FSWGKLDRQK4GG7PFXST6BXAG2D/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/FSWGKLDRQK4GG7PFXST6BXAG2D/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:54:04.901278+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T01:54:04.901278+00:00"}