{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:FTKQHYE3JVVPHPELCNEF2QXMUF","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"138406c42f735f2554c8955f5a397c86d562658fb23c5dfdfd8524521d4d3c38","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-01-10T00:05:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"696528071817ecd094e859e61e63775fbc933086f93915b676cecfb89d97dc69"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2401.04854","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2401.04854","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:26:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2401.04854v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:26:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2401.04854","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:26:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FTKQHYE3JVVP","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:26:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FTKQHYE3JVVPHPEL","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:26:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FTKQHYE3","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:26:17Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c2a74f2408f227c94954bf098c22bfcf22c53a6fde94a3c4a0a17a0714fd2c67","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:26:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2401.04854/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Are LLMs cultural technologies like photocopiers or printing presses, which transmit information but cannot create new content? A challenge for this idea, which we call bibliotechnism, is that LLMs generate novel text. We begin with a defense of bibliotechnism, showing how even novel text may inherit its meaning from original human-generated text. We then argue that bibliotechnism faces an independent challenge from examples in which LLMs generate novel reference, using new names to refer to new entities. Such examples could be explained if LLMs were not cultural technologies but had beliefs, ","authors_text":"Harvey Lederman, Kyle Mahowald","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-01-10T00:05:45Z","title":"Are Language Models More Like Libraries or Like Librarians? Bibliotechnism, the Novel Reference Problem, and the Attitudes of LLMs"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2401.04854","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ca64904bff1479d715cf489c3756abb21a32bc5a39b406fbabe08c7592d907a8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:26:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"138406c42f735f2554c8955f5a397c86d562658fb23c5dfdfd8524521d4d3c38","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-01-10T00:05:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"696528071817ecd094e859e61e63775fbc933086f93915b676cecfb89d97dc69"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2401.04854","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"2cd503e09b4d6af3bc8b13485d42eca1608e5258c51c76d237edce0d3d116282","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"2cd503e09b4d6af3bc8b13485d42eca1608e5258c51c76d237edce0d3d116282","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:26:17.579603Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:26:17.579603Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"oppCKy8gPRt05p0W6MiGHi5RbjAqZY7N7pnbXUquHA+14sQ3Ao4c03RdU9p+1zUqkNTp+9saVyoyC+hgJvP9DA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:26:17.580089Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2401.04854","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ca64904bff1479d715cf489c3756abb21a32bc5a39b406fbabe08c7592d907a8","sha256:c2a74f2408f227c94954bf098c22bfcf22c53a6fde94a3c4a0a17a0714fd2c67"],"state_sha256":"18d9afd9af345da1fcb09842576eefe34a52cd1c063402d1e84817349bfbed14"}