{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:FUXRXOBTLLBEHUAC6XMMQP7TAQ","short_pith_number":"pith:FUXRXOBT","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2204.07496","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-04-15T14:51:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.IR"],"title_canon_sha256":"009132b51bf7a659725b4f9b46dd7862aaa1cb50f5c5f8dcf3aadf16004a52da","abstract_canon_sha256":"0f1bbdffeda47646e79067c59ad28e37f29192091690792ea31c7db0e8644498"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2d2f1bb8335ac243d002f5d8c83ff304324c3062aab4ff3812bd5d45677dafe6","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2204.07496","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2204.07496","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2204.07496v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2204.07496","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FUXRXOBTLLBE","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FUXRXOBTLLBEHUAC","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FUXRXOBT","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:10Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:FUXRXOBTLLBEHUAC6XMMQP7TAQ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2204.07496","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-04-15T14:51:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.IR"],"title_canon_sha256":"009132b51bf7a659725b4f9b46dd7862aaa1cb50f5c5f8dcf3aadf16004a52da","abstract_canon_sha256":"0f1bbdffeda47646e79067c59ad28e37f29192091690792ea31c7db0e8644498"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2d2f1bb8335ac243d002f5d8c83ff304324c3062aab4ff3812bd5d45677dafe6","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:10.939467Z","signature_b64":"tDdWSzXv6jmAk8pua1/yEkSO/MkBIPCFsz80ol+K6JoJmL+SV49nQg1j1NvqXxwQLZ5lM46N+TZ7ASmhiUkNBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"2d2f1bb8335ac243d002f5d8c83ff304324c3062aab4ff3812bd5d45677dafe6","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:10.939026Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:10.939026Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2204.07496","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:10Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"cL/07b8sbneXmNFUlWKZ1Z69a1Q8WvHRgN1LwXZHX9bAJXkWPmXkjg+IsJ16U/UK1RHbZszW+1oJmth69v5oAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-12T16:14:00.916427Z"},"content_sha256":"09fc244b971d240a00235fabd03861918d29f270e5ae1fa941614ebeb3506a9b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:09fc244b971d240a00235fabd03861918d29f270e5ae1fa941614ebeb3506a9b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:FUXRXOBTLLBEHUAC6XMMQP7TAQ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Improving Passage Retrieval with Zero-Shot Question Generation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.IR"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Armen Aghajanyan, Devendra Singh Sachan, Joelle Pineau, Luke Zettlemoyer, Mandar Joshi, Mike Lewis, Wen-tau Yih","submitted_at":"2022-04-15T14:51:41Z","abstract_excerpt":"We propose a simple and effective re-ranking method for improving passage retrieval in open question answering. The re-ranker re-scores retrieved passages with a zero-shot question generation model, which uses a pre-trained language model to compute the probability of the input question conditioned on a retrieved passage. This approach can be applied on top of any retrieval method (e.g. neural or keyword-based), does not require any domain- or task-specific training (and therefore is expected to generalize better to data distribution shifts), and provides rich cross-attention between query and"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2204.07496","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2204.07496/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:10Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+2LaKPwZC19YPGTPUT646xmvtLSociRwAyi1rEJTaM0cgWOR6n/KJ5gf1mIteadygaoskoWo6F4UINAF1j+jCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-12T16:14:00.916815Z"},"content_sha256":"923d3cdcb4f499e7aa92d8598d217bb7cb7c2d5e6f32dce53856418a2dceeecf","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:923d3cdcb4f499e7aa92d8598d217bb7cb7c2d5e6f32dce53856418a2dceeecf"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FUXRXOBTLLBEHUAC6XMMQP7TAQ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FUXRXOBTLLBEHUAC6XMMQP7TAQ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FUXRXOBTLLBEHUAC6XMMQP7TAQ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-12T16:14:00Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/FUXRXOBTLLBEHUAC6XMMQP7TAQ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/FUXRXOBTLLBEHUAC6XMMQP7TAQ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/FUXRXOBTLLBEHUAC6XMMQP7TAQ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FUXRXOBTLLBEHUAC6XMMQP7TAQ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:FUXRXOBTLLBEHUAC6XMMQP7TAQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0f1bbdffeda47646e79067c59ad28e37f29192091690792ea31c7db0e8644498","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.IR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-04-15T14:51:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"009132b51bf7a659725b4f9b46dd7862aaa1cb50f5c5f8dcf3aadf16004a52da"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2204.07496","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2204.07496","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2204.07496v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2204.07496","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FUXRXOBTLLBE","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FUXRXOBTLLBEHUAC","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FUXRXOBT","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:10Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:923d3cdcb4f499e7aa92d8598d217bb7cb7c2d5e6f32dce53856418a2dceeecf","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:10Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2204.07496/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We propose a simple and effective re-ranking method for improving passage retrieval in open question answering. The re-ranker re-scores retrieved passages with a zero-shot question generation model, which uses a pre-trained language model to compute the probability of the input question conditioned on a retrieved passage. This approach can be applied on top of any retrieval method (e.g. neural or keyword-based), does not require any domain- or task-specific training (and therefore is expected to generalize better to data distribution shifts), and provides rich cross-attention between query and","authors_text":"Armen Aghajanyan, Devendra Singh Sachan, Joelle Pineau, Luke Zettlemoyer, Mandar Joshi, Mike Lewis, Wen-tau Yih","cross_cats":["cs.IR"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-04-15T14:51:41Z","title":"Improving Passage Retrieval with Zero-Shot Question Generation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2204.07496","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:09fc244b971d240a00235fabd03861918d29f270e5ae1fa941614ebeb3506a9b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:10Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0f1bbdffeda47646e79067c59ad28e37f29192091690792ea31c7db0e8644498","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.IR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-04-15T14:51:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"009132b51bf7a659725b4f9b46dd7862aaa1cb50f5c5f8dcf3aadf16004a52da"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2204.07496","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"2d2f1bb8335ac243d002f5d8c83ff304324c3062aab4ff3812bd5d45677dafe6","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"2d2f1bb8335ac243d002f5d8c83ff304324c3062aab4ff3812bd5d45677dafe6","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:10.939026Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:10.939026Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"tDdWSzXv6jmAk8pua1/yEkSO/MkBIPCFsz80ol+K6JoJmL+SV49nQg1j1NvqXxwQLZ5lM46N+TZ7ASmhiUkNBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:10.939467Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2204.07496","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:09fc244b971d240a00235fabd03861918d29f270e5ae1fa941614ebeb3506a9b","sha256:923d3cdcb4f499e7aa92d8598d217bb7cb7c2d5e6f32dce53856418a2dceeecf"],"state_sha256":"a922c52928636b13fad5f64cc2d2ecb7ab0dccd2077f0100ed24e964392667fe"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zTu6AZlCLjuVii9hOGhSVTY3wUDKuFtvlY01s2kUIdNEBgku+QtF3ChGHqCNIhf4O75M34yUfY1kCMqMYcUCDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-12T16:14:00.919854Z","bundle_sha256":"293a6531f7775ca8d66eda257aa6de977fa12c8c4ee6f443244c840382a5de90"}}