{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:FVGRZ3RV7TNIUFUROXQFQ266LZ","short_pith_number":"pith:FVGRZ3RV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2004.05595","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2020-04-12T12:06:03Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"de5c9945a482c0e9380b76181365811eb51e90434baf62d7ba7b38ca1cf26bd1","abstract_canon_sha256":"a6c8f0dfc99bbfc7fc31828232a5b5351289d9a5967259d46f2e4455c4745750"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2d4d1cee35fcda8a169175e0586bde5e793f458639240c3fe18ec51fa6398a0a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2004.05595","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2004.05595","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2004.05595v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2004.05595","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FVGRZ3RV7TNI","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FVGRZ3RV7TNIUFUR","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FVGRZ3RV","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:59Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:FVGRZ3RV7TNIUFUROXQFQ266LZ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2004.05595","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2020-04-12T12:06:03Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"de5c9945a482c0e9380b76181365811eb51e90434baf62d7ba7b38ca1cf26bd1","abstract_canon_sha256":"a6c8f0dfc99bbfc7fc31828232a5b5351289d9a5967259d46f2e4455c4745750"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2d4d1cee35fcda8a169175e0586bde5e793f458639240c3fe18ec51fa6398a0a","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:59.860915Z","signature_b64":"XsqHgSqZh++Iv/BMnfqiiQKc6eg8pdEEC0sD+oFDKC5SLNkN+PsL9LCeWMz/+0rrXswI0Y3IDE+dQMuL0fQRBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"2d4d1cee35fcda8a169175e0586bde5e793f458639240c3fe18ec51fa6398a0a","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:59.860499Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:59.860499Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2004.05595","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"R89kARuwRCSHAEoMGGazFXmduo0sWYINcOh4GEHNCn+aWJiSUUVz2TwNF+bOlZuIQqpd5mhaOXVDYYp+kbCZAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T14:39:14.843377Z"},"content_sha256":"14bcbfba553ffb57ef8b63e747d8acdfc88a9456f6598660001040d7bd717022","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:14bcbfba553ffb57ef8b63e747d8acdfc88a9456f6598660001040d7bd717022"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:FVGRZ3RV7TNIUFUROXQFQ266LZ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"An Entropy Clustering Approach for Assessing Visual Question Difficulty","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CV","authors_text":"Bisser Raytchev, Kazufumi Kaneda, Kento Terao, Shun'ichi Satoh, Toru Tamaki","submitted_at":"2020-04-12T12:06:03Z","abstract_excerpt":"We propose a novel approach to identify the difficulty of visual questions for Visual Question Answering (VQA) without direct supervision or annotations to the difficulty. Prior works have considered the diversity of ground-truth answers of human annotators. In contrast, we analyze the difficulty of visual questions based on the behavior of multiple different VQA models. We propose to cluster the entropy values of the predicted answer distributions obtained by three different models: a baseline method that takes as input images and questions, and two variants that take as input images only and"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2004.05595","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2004.05595/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"1OfTTm4VQUgER41ZWyuMtGvKw5b6qd9i/81pWZvERHd8uGlYqAlmJNbGnVhGYJdv7iBONHCkl6zKxYav+NVPCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T14:39:14.843898Z"},"content_sha256":"6f42f441d34d52c095ed9ea222a82e801d13ba57d77c1ab5fc66f488c9828ede","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6f42f441d34d52c095ed9ea222a82e801d13ba57d77c1ab5fc66f488c9828ede"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FVGRZ3RV7TNIUFUROXQFQ266LZ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FVGRZ3RV7TNIUFUROXQFQ266LZ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FVGRZ3RV7TNIUFUROXQFQ266LZ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-14T14:39:14Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/FVGRZ3RV7TNIUFUROXQFQ266LZ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/FVGRZ3RV7TNIUFUROXQFQ266LZ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/FVGRZ3RV7TNIUFUROXQFQ266LZ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FVGRZ3RV7TNIUFUROXQFQ266LZ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:FVGRZ3RV7TNIUFUROXQFQ266LZ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a6c8f0dfc99bbfc7fc31828232a5b5351289d9a5967259d46f2e4455c4745750","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2020-04-12T12:06:03Z","title_canon_sha256":"de5c9945a482c0e9380b76181365811eb51e90434baf62d7ba7b38ca1cf26bd1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2004.05595","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2004.05595","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2004.05595v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2004.05595","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FVGRZ3RV7TNI","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FVGRZ3RV7TNIUFUR","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FVGRZ3RV","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:59Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:6f42f441d34d52c095ed9ea222a82e801d13ba57d77c1ab5fc66f488c9828ede","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2004.05595/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We propose a novel approach to identify the difficulty of visual questions for Visual Question Answering (VQA) without direct supervision or annotations to the difficulty. Prior works have considered the diversity of ground-truth answers of human annotators. In contrast, we analyze the difficulty of visual questions based on the behavior of multiple different VQA models. We propose to cluster the entropy values of the predicted answer distributions obtained by three different models: a baseline method that takes as input images and questions, and two variants that take as input images only and","authors_text":"Bisser Raytchev, Kazufumi Kaneda, Kento Terao, Shun'ichi Satoh, Toru Tamaki","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2020-04-12T12:06:03Z","title":"An Entropy Clustering Approach for Assessing Visual Question Difficulty"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2004.05595","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:14bcbfba553ffb57ef8b63e747d8acdfc88a9456f6598660001040d7bd717022","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a6c8f0dfc99bbfc7fc31828232a5b5351289d9a5967259d46f2e4455c4745750","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2020-04-12T12:06:03Z","title_canon_sha256":"de5c9945a482c0e9380b76181365811eb51e90434baf62d7ba7b38ca1cf26bd1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2004.05595","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"2d4d1cee35fcda8a169175e0586bde5e793f458639240c3fe18ec51fa6398a0a","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"2d4d1cee35fcda8a169175e0586bde5e793f458639240c3fe18ec51fa6398a0a","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:59.860499Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:59.860499Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"XsqHgSqZh++Iv/BMnfqiiQKc6eg8pdEEC0sD+oFDKC5SLNkN+PsL9LCeWMz/+0rrXswI0Y3IDE+dQMuL0fQRBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:59.860915Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2004.05595","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:14bcbfba553ffb57ef8b63e747d8acdfc88a9456f6598660001040d7bd717022","sha256:6f42f441d34d52c095ed9ea222a82e801d13ba57d77c1ab5fc66f488c9828ede"],"state_sha256":"630cb3b2d8fffdae84328ccab5eaf706ae5dd99f4014144c357743f66b324755"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5rPKyQ8GitonZaLt+6/1GSu1q6ziB2ctEZt8cmAtHWsqhMzkpG8LaVE/DRpD3q+60rcTtGKx3o9C7rmYiFbHAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T14:39:14.849078Z","bundle_sha256":"66f4c25c2e5784c93104356fc39552be145828b5dde4ced044530cd56cb0c6cd"}}