{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2015:FVLFK5PCFJO3HAI3BPLJJJS3B7","short_pith_number":"pith:FVLFK5PC","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"2d565575e22a5db3811b0bd694a65b0fd4b747d5cbaf545cc4a25e0583b9e41a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1511.01107","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Quasars as probes of cosmological reionization","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Daniel J. Mortlock (Imperial College London)","submitted_at":"2015-11-03T21:03:37Z","abstract_excerpt":"Quasars are the most luminous non-transient sources in the epoch of cosmological reionization (i.e., which ended a billion years after the Big Bang, corresponding to a redshift of z ~ 5), and are powerful probes of the inter-galactic medium at that time. This review covers current efforts to identify high-redshift quasars and how they have been used to constrain the reionization history. This includes a full description of the various processes by which neutral hydrogen atoms can absorb/scatter ultraviolet photons, and which lead to the Gunn-Peterson effect, dark gap and dark pixel analyses, q"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1511.01107","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2015-11-03T21:03:37Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"29f36ed17c05a39ae944e93774d6395404171b2d3a5be0895712884c839ad6db","abstract_canon_sha256":"be6f7edbd9107e1f5ffb32dfdf2d09d3c0e462a98f8ab8f2551b2231dd6c506d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:43.222255Z","signature_b64":"CuS59fwZ5lToq9Q7qnveyIjHvip39ELRMRLhs7V5HIEBooa/jR4S3nwafqA7bOzMyJkDXZ/mlr741VlNg618DQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"2d565575e22a5db3811b0bd694a65b0fd4b747d5cbaf545cc4a25e0583b9e41a","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:43.221805Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:43.221805Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Quasars as probes of cosmological reionization","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Daniel J. Mortlock (Imperial College London)","submitted_at":"2015-11-03T21:03:37Z","abstract_excerpt":"Quasars are the most luminous non-transient sources in the epoch of cosmological reionization (i.e., which ended a billion years after the Big Bang, corresponding to a redshift of z ~ 5), and are powerful probes of the inter-galactic medium at that time. This review covers current efforts to identify high-redshift quasars and how they have been used to constrain the reionization history. This includes a full description of the various processes by which neutral hydrogen atoms can absorb/scatter ultraviolet photons, and which lead to the Gunn-Peterson effect, dark gap and dark pixel analyses, q"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1511.01107","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1511.01107","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:43.221884+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1511.01107v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:43.221884+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1511.01107","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:43.221884+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FVLFK5PCFJO3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:22.688609+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FVLFK5PCFJO3HAI3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:22.688609+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FVLFK5PC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:22.688609+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":1,"internal_anchor_count":1,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"1908.08549","citing_title":"Evolution of Neutral Oxygen During the Epoch of Reionization and its Use in Estimating the Neutral Hydrogen Fraction","ref_index":53,"is_internal_anchor":true}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/FVLFK5PCFJO3HAI3BPLJJJS3B7","json":"https://pith.science/pith/FVLFK5PCFJO3HAI3BPLJJJS3B7.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/FVLFK5PCFJO3HAI3BPLJJJS3B7/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/FVLFK5PCFJO3HAI3BPLJJJS3B7/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/FVLFK5PC"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/FVLFK5PCFJO3HAI3BPLJJJS3B7","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/FVLFK5PCFJO3HAI3BPLJJJS3B7.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/FVLFK5PC","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1511.01107&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/FVLFK5PCFJO3HAI3BPLJJJS3B7/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/FVLFK5PCFJO3HAI3BPLJJJS3B7/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/FVLFK5PCFJO3HAI3BPLJJJS3B7/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/FVLFK5PCFJO3HAI3BPLJJJS3B7/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/FVLFK5PCFJO3HAI3BPLJJJS3B7/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/FVLFK5PCFJO3HAI3BPLJJJS3B7/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/FVLFK5PCFJO3HAI3BPLJJJS3B7/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:43.221884+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:43.221884+00:00"}