{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:FWU7GQ54XPBYENDXQYKH76YW5I","short_pith_number":"pith:FWU7GQ54","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2407.12275","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-07-17T02:49:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NE"],"title_canon_sha256":"5020d4c4fc45500217d5e284b4b29160927b4c93a58791765c6d156b419008d7","abstract_canon_sha256":"d4efbcce1a12b042b940f821b24eb605c294c6a85d8bfc7bcad9f0abc294ac02"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2da9f343bcbbc382347786147ffb16ea2e9439b23c5fe8296390404f95a712a9","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2407.12275","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2407.12275","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2407.12275v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2407.12275","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FWU7GQ54XPBY","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FWU7GQ54XPBYENDX","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FWU7GQ54","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:02Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:FWU7GQ54XPBYENDXQYKH76YW5I","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2407.12275","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-07-17T02:49:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NE"],"title_canon_sha256":"5020d4c4fc45500217d5e284b4b29160927b4c93a58791765c6d156b419008d7","abstract_canon_sha256":"d4efbcce1a12b042b940f821b24eb605c294c6a85d8bfc7bcad9f0abc294ac02"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2da9f343bcbbc382347786147ffb16ea2e9439b23c5fe8296390404f95a712a9","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:02.348063Z","signature_b64":"5VyqEtIY3wSgLMTs2+Jl1wILOqSjzMagctutpyTi6bhHeer4HG4Eh87C+TOEevNdOYyS/7xNLmvGDI7ZYPv1Cg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"2da9f343bcbbc382347786147ffb16ea2e9439b23c5fe8296390404f95a712a9","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:02.347643Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:02.347643Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2407.12275","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zKFaDPbdWOnYhftG890SG2MiRSuABLMN11rxVIyawIaE8HaUJqdBh8TDj/EiKS/m4GQL2YNkfct+QJoNGJ+TDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T06:22:39.666648Z"},"content_sha256":"1b3d0aa6053150d971e8d29aeeecca6e96ae066fe1a5a140cee42e054ca5db10","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1b3d0aa6053150d971e8d29aeeecca6e96ae066fe1a5a140cee42e054ca5db10"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:FWU7GQ54XPBYENDXQYKH76YW5I","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"When can transformers compositionally generalize in-context?","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.NE"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Florian Redhardt, Guillaume Lajoie, Jo\\~ao Sacramento, Johannes von Oswald, Razvan Pascanu, Seijin Kobayashi, Simon Schug, Yassir Akram","submitted_at":"2024-07-17T02:49:27Z","abstract_excerpt":"Many tasks can be composed from a few independent components. This gives rise to a combinatorial explosion of possible tasks, only some of which might be encountered during training. Under what circumstances can transformers compositionally generalize from a subset of tasks to all possible combinations of tasks that share similar components? Here we study a modular multitask setting that allows us to precisely control compositional structure in the data generation process. We present evidence that transformers learning in-context struggle to generalize compositionally on this task despite bein"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2407.12275","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2407.12275/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"U0NHWKgI0vB8W7BmD8UY1gnHB1AylgFKpsNuc/cdiZ+EP3o2oeCpRDigaWKoxw/rYae043eA3t9QFHMs9EFvAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T06:22:39.667581Z"},"content_sha256":"7221024613c990643dde754dc0d9b74d93301a08197a7bf1aec93988eb925022","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7221024613c990643dde754dc0d9b74d93301a08197a7bf1aec93988eb925022"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FWU7GQ54XPBYENDXQYKH76YW5I/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FWU7GQ54XPBYENDXQYKH76YW5I/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FWU7GQ54XPBYENDXQYKH76YW5I/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-10T06:22:39Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/FWU7GQ54XPBYENDXQYKH76YW5I","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/FWU7GQ54XPBYENDXQYKH76YW5I/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/FWU7GQ54XPBYENDXQYKH76YW5I/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FWU7GQ54XPBYENDXQYKH76YW5I/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:FWU7GQ54XPBYENDXQYKH76YW5I","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d4efbcce1a12b042b940f821b24eb605c294c6a85d8bfc7bcad9f0abc294ac02","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NE"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-07-17T02:49:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"5020d4c4fc45500217d5e284b4b29160927b4c93a58791765c6d156b419008d7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2407.12275","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2407.12275","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2407.12275v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2407.12275","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FWU7GQ54XPBY","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FWU7GQ54XPBYENDX","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FWU7GQ54","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:02Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7221024613c990643dde754dc0d9b74d93301a08197a7bf1aec93988eb925022","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2407.12275/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Many tasks can be composed from a few independent components. This gives rise to a combinatorial explosion of possible tasks, only some of which might be encountered during training. Under what circumstances can transformers compositionally generalize from a subset of tasks to all possible combinations of tasks that share similar components? Here we study a modular multitask setting that allows us to precisely control compositional structure in the data generation process. We present evidence that transformers learning in-context struggle to generalize compositionally on this task despite bein","authors_text":"Florian Redhardt, Guillaume Lajoie, Jo\\~ao Sacramento, Johannes von Oswald, Razvan Pascanu, Seijin Kobayashi, Simon Schug, Yassir Akram","cross_cats":["cs.NE"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-07-17T02:49:27Z","title":"When can transformers compositionally generalize in-context?"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2407.12275","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1b3d0aa6053150d971e8d29aeeecca6e96ae066fe1a5a140cee42e054ca5db10","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d4efbcce1a12b042b940f821b24eb605c294c6a85d8bfc7bcad9f0abc294ac02","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NE"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-07-17T02:49:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"5020d4c4fc45500217d5e284b4b29160927b4c93a58791765c6d156b419008d7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2407.12275","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"2da9f343bcbbc382347786147ffb16ea2e9439b23c5fe8296390404f95a712a9","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"2da9f343bcbbc382347786147ffb16ea2e9439b23c5fe8296390404f95a712a9","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:02.347643Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:02.347643Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"5VyqEtIY3wSgLMTs2+Jl1wILOqSjzMagctutpyTi6bhHeer4HG4Eh87C+TOEevNdOYyS/7xNLmvGDI7ZYPv1Cg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:02.348063Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2407.12275","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1b3d0aa6053150d971e8d29aeeecca6e96ae066fe1a5a140cee42e054ca5db10","sha256:7221024613c990643dde754dc0d9b74d93301a08197a7bf1aec93988eb925022"],"state_sha256":"78862c275efad9020af37ebd4b59d0cdf8fa86c50ef2d15aba21b965deb11f35"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"R7CBjc5o81DZTtlY9WVv9rrsh5CyLaZ4LyUujqKLyQOeabUraXR5zm+qBYscBqxB+57bo7leIvA8aGTN3aBoDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T06:22:39.673322Z","bundle_sha256":"30180b7fcd0765954c784d0fc631588077af483d0b20152aff61049e60bc26b9"}}