{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:FX6CO5FVADC4MQKDLQ2V4YLXMB","short_pith_number":"pith:FX6CO5FV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2105.07576","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2021-05-17T01:58:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"fa673b77b1927df6958b36e15d838413bad232ea20b9b70cd0aecc9aa03ee036","abstract_canon_sha256":"9d7a7a26023ea16a9504e86f8d5b142230619105bbcf13c9d5c58d470702e37c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2dfc2774b500c5c641435c355e617760795b177ded1d5f0297f61970710a7e56","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2105.07576","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2105.07576","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2105.07576v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2105.07576","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FX6CO5FVADC4","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FX6CO5FVADC4MQKD","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FX6CO5FV","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:42Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:FX6CO5FVADC4MQKDLQ2V4YLXMB","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2105.07576","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2021-05-17T01:58:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"fa673b77b1927df6958b36e15d838413bad232ea20b9b70cd0aecc9aa03ee036","abstract_canon_sha256":"9d7a7a26023ea16a9504e86f8d5b142230619105bbcf13c9d5c58d470702e37c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2dfc2774b500c5c641435c355e617760795b177ded1d5f0297f61970710a7e56","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:42.186602Z","signature_b64":"W5hnnAukM4CZeJc61aMeiaKjny3KiipL2o4sGpYrsJddgDV6ZckSqQEIHEwRt9SlGRtZ7lstvivfMOEezimOAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"2dfc2774b500c5c641435c355e617760795b177ded1d5f0297f61970710a7e56","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:42.186159Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:42.186159Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2105.07576","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:42Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Kg9SWINJKtTrD5d01YmYGFu3vvbIm/czonWBe8qf3b8RzovN2pvsIqk2adL97PTefqmmWkT3pq4fmnea7xhWAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T12:31:47.797855Z"},"content_sha256":"5b7d929f1154ef56274052d060c20ac46f373f4092d3579b53a8f3a096d1a94d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5b7d929f1154ef56274052d060c20ac46f373f4092d3579b53a8f3a096d1a94d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:FX6CO5FVADC4MQKDLQ2V4YLXMB","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Rethinking \"Batch\" in BatchNorm","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CV","authors_text":"Justin Johnson, Yuxin Wu","submitted_at":"2021-05-17T01:58:15Z","abstract_excerpt":"BatchNorm is a critical building block in modern convolutional neural networks. Its unique property of operating on \"batches\" instead of individual samples introduces significantly different behaviors from most other operations in deep learning. As a result, it leads to many hidden caveats that can negatively impact model's performance in subtle ways. This paper thoroughly reviews such problems in visual recognition tasks, and shows that a key to address them is to rethink different choices in the concept of \"batch\" in BatchNorm. By presenting these caveats and their mitigations, we hope this "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2105.07576","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2105.07576/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:42Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qDbjWtAsGAyWsSHmJLm4o5qUk9QIbxoqBsaHi0w0K/D1QNBy4QcQEmuvfVRduUT6CueMWwHHEsPurFL+gXyCAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T12:31:47.798616Z"},"content_sha256":"d0af8d2d6eae3bed6f606868a955117267dca3f696521920d2c09a257587d346","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d0af8d2d6eae3bed6f606868a955117267dca3f696521920d2c09a257587d346"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FX6CO5FVADC4MQKDLQ2V4YLXMB/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FX6CO5FVADC4MQKDLQ2V4YLXMB/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FX6CO5FVADC4MQKDLQ2V4YLXMB/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-10T12:31:47Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/FX6CO5FVADC4MQKDLQ2V4YLXMB","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/FX6CO5FVADC4MQKDLQ2V4YLXMB/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/FX6CO5FVADC4MQKDLQ2V4YLXMB/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FX6CO5FVADC4MQKDLQ2V4YLXMB/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:FX6CO5FVADC4MQKDLQ2V4YLXMB","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9d7a7a26023ea16a9504e86f8d5b142230619105bbcf13c9d5c58d470702e37c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2021-05-17T01:58:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"fa673b77b1927df6958b36e15d838413bad232ea20b9b70cd0aecc9aa03ee036"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2105.07576","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2105.07576","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2105.07576v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2105.07576","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FX6CO5FVADC4","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FX6CO5FVADC4MQKD","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FX6CO5FV","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:42Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d0af8d2d6eae3bed6f606868a955117267dca3f696521920d2c09a257587d346","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:42Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2105.07576/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"BatchNorm is a critical building block in modern convolutional neural networks. Its unique property of operating on \"batches\" instead of individual samples introduces significantly different behaviors from most other operations in deep learning. As a result, it leads to many hidden caveats that can negatively impact model's performance in subtle ways. This paper thoroughly reviews such problems in visual recognition tasks, and shows that a key to address them is to rethink different choices in the concept of \"batch\" in BatchNorm. By presenting these caveats and their mitigations, we hope this ","authors_text":"Justin Johnson, Yuxin Wu","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2021-05-17T01:58:15Z","title":"Rethinking \"Batch\" in BatchNorm"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2105.07576","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5b7d929f1154ef56274052d060c20ac46f373f4092d3579b53a8f3a096d1a94d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:42Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9d7a7a26023ea16a9504e86f8d5b142230619105bbcf13c9d5c58d470702e37c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2021-05-17T01:58:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"fa673b77b1927df6958b36e15d838413bad232ea20b9b70cd0aecc9aa03ee036"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2105.07576","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"2dfc2774b500c5c641435c355e617760795b177ded1d5f0297f61970710a7e56","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"2dfc2774b500c5c641435c355e617760795b177ded1d5f0297f61970710a7e56","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:42.186159Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:42.186159Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"W5hnnAukM4CZeJc61aMeiaKjny3KiipL2o4sGpYrsJddgDV6ZckSqQEIHEwRt9SlGRtZ7lstvivfMOEezimOAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:42.186602Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2105.07576","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5b7d929f1154ef56274052d060c20ac46f373f4092d3579b53a8f3a096d1a94d","sha256:d0af8d2d6eae3bed6f606868a955117267dca3f696521920d2c09a257587d346"],"state_sha256":"4f7eaa2fde546b1c7c170c8695dbad2300e22b65c6117dc6099ed54595163fc5"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NkRHCH1eKki7d8wnjj+UqxTqrHRIn5R3gTH08UIBdZAbITEFjFWM1c8SO+b5amPdtNX9sPQO1XSOMQr1W6OyBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T12:31:47.804816Z","bundle_sha256":"f500adff9e37986e36dcbfe0716d43c9eccfe6f34fdd294e13e7a6dc58a5fce9"}}