{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:FXE4XEQXIAV43CCC6SWJYAW32O","short_pith_number":"pith:FXE4XEQX","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1605.00486","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2016-05-02T13:54:08Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"5d34b3f2703b8a72b84573788b4971da97df9fc0990a681e72ddf6e3765b79ea","abstract_canon_sha256":"7e9951de65bf1963d3618b6a443d327e796364e29ac15b511417297baf674717"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2dc9cb9217402bcd8842f4ac9c02dbd3af5e80ece51f55bcc0354bf684c9897e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1605.00486","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1605.00486","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1605.00486v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1605.00486","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FXE4XEQXIAV4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FXE4XEQXIAV43CCC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FXE4XEQX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:15Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:FXE4XEQXIAV43CCC6SWJYAW32O","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1605.00486","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2016-05-02T13:54:08Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"5d34b3f2703b8a72b84573788b4971da97df9fc0990a681e72ddf6e3765b79ea","abstract_canon_sha256":"7e9951de65bf1963d3618b6a443d327e796364e29ac15b511417297baf674717"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2dc9cb9217402bcd8842f4ac9c02dbd3af5e80ece51f55bcc0354bf684c9897e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:34.900848Z","signature_b64":"h/+JpSfrY3F3zin25IpzMEBN2EfuORmL7N2nBp1bHr/A7nwUknBb/ul7yFzu0oissQjbXjdWJlwpZ5t0fiF7DA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"2dc9cb9217402bcd8842f4ac9c02dbd3af5e80ece51f55bcc0354bf684c9897e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:34.899811Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:34.899811Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1605.00486","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:34Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"a8CaIXZVPF1HkL7WzOvPJxZBbjG6si1Zyeb5X2oSacDqDQBoQQQ1xmC8VTUKLLpgxevGzlV/+iJ1Ww8747ZvAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T05:39:54.760479Z"},"content_sha256":"67886b8c9823a76835d27cc455ab19e376cab5e829f488546a05fd8e2f596b29","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:67886b8c9823a76835d27cc455ab19e376cab5e829f488546a05fd8e2f596b29"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:FXE4XEQXIAV43CCC6SWJYAW32O","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Calibrating Effective Ia Supernova Magnitudes using the Distance Duality Relation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Jarah Evslin","submitted_at":"2016-05-02T13:54:08Z","abstract_excerpt":"Using only Ia supernova (SN) observations, it is not possible to distinguish the evolution of the SN absolute magnitude $M_B$ from an arbitrary evolution of the Hubble parameter H(z). However, using Etherington's distance-duality relation, which relates the angular and luminosity distances, together with the observed angular baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) scale at any redshift z, one may calibrate an effective M(z). This calibration involves a scale which depends on the cosmological model, however the evolution of the effective M(z) between two redshifts with BAO observations is independent"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1605.00486","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:34Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"hyh2FFdF0AL2u5MOExUj66JNICtZVSjrX18I3kJ0L3IncOFPmJLQCg7T8zfH6UicsTgWMIGsBaj81zyUr/grBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T05:39:54.760824Z"},"content_sha256":"c9c5ba06d3351402994a21b9a0575d832dd2199d4ecf3272871d0b58ac0646d3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c9c5ba06d3351402994a21b9a0575d832dd2199d4ecf3272871d0b58ac0646d3"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FXE4XEQXIAV43CCC6SWJYAW32O/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FXE4XEQXIAV43CCC6SWJYAW32O/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FXE4XEQXIAV43CCC6SWJYAW32O/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-31T05:39:54Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/FXE4XEQXIAV43CCC6SWJYAW32O","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/FXE4XEQXIAV43CCC6SWJYAW32O/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/FXE4XEQXIAV43CCC6SWJYAW32O/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FXE4XEQXIAV43CCC6SWJYAW32O/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:FXE4XEQXIAV43CCC6SWJYAW32O","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7e9951de65bf1963d3618b6a443d327e796364e29ac15b511417297baf674717","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2016-05-02T13:54:08Z","title_canon_sha256":"5d34b3f2703b8a72b84573788b4971da97df9fc0990a681e72ddf6e3765b79ea"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1605.00486","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1605.00486","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1605.00486v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1605.00486","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FXE4XEQXIAV4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FXE4XEQXIAV43CCC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FXE4XEQX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:15Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c9c5ba06d3351402994a21b9a0575d832dd2199d4ecf3272871d0b58ac0646d3","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:34Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Using only Ia supernova (SN) observations, it is not possible to distinguish the evolution of the SN absolute magnitude $M_B$ from an arbitrary evolution of the Hubble parameter H(z). However, using Etherington's distance-duality relation, which relates the angular and luminosity distances, together with the observed angular baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) scale at any redshift z, one may calibrate an effective M(z). This calibration involves a scale which depends on the cosmological model, however the evolution of the effective M(z) between two redshifts with BAO observations is independent","authors_text":"Jarah Evslin","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2016-05-02T13:54:08Z","title":"Calibrating Effective Ia Supernova Magnitudes using the Distance Duality Relation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1605.00486","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:67886b8c9823a76835d27cc455ab19e376cab5e829f488546a05fd8e2f596b29","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:34Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7e9951de65bf1963d3618b6a443d327e796364e29ac15b511417297baf674717","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2016-05-02T13:54:08Z","title_canon_sha256":"5d34b3f2703b8a72b84573788b4971da97df9fc0990a681e72ddf6e3765b79ea"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1605.00486","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"2dc9cb9217402bcd8842f4ac9c02dbd3af5e80ece51f55bcc0354bf684c9897e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"2dc9cb9217402bcd8842f4ac9c02dbd3af5e80ece51f55bcc0354bf684c9897e","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:34.899811Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:34.899811Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"h/+JpSfrY3F3zin25IpzMEBN2EfuORmL7N2nBp1bHr/A7nwUknBb/ul7yFzu0oissQjbXjdWJlwpZ5t0fiF7DA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:45:34.900848Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1605.00486","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:67886b8c9823a76835d27cc455ab19e376cab5e829f488546a05fd8e2f596b29","sha256:c9c5ba06d3351402994a21b9a0575d832dd2199d4ecf3272871d0b58ac0646d3"],"state_sha256":"3b0c6bc7406c76fa573477dea356ba1486b955581c800d03e284bb1db1d702e7"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2LGNjj1Kuq9sJHtzZmTGasFGVNgFV/z8R9G29H7RhPK5VsB5Fhp/P2dpAkEvOBJ3bt3cCZCLN59FqPMUp99GCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T05:39:54.762717Z","bundle_sha256":"cf42850e28e6d1c507213f01fccdcd9adf931d0ebd7e49f03e5c384a19899225"}}