{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:FXMG76FJVK5YAVT6I3KTC36MDO","short_pith_number":"pith:FXMG76FJ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1101.4250","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2011-01-22T00:35:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3a5a589d70a3ebecda741cea4abb046ba6e35d6fb00c144b385c9d33ad50636b","abstract_canon_sha256":"bf8298b3be99427b5a8cf096729de742138b1911651fb43e0f7de3f07aa9d297"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2dd86ff8a9aabb80567e46d5316fcc1b93a22af4d223352b605db7859dd20556","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1101.4250","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1101.4250","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1101.4250v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1101.4250","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FXMG76FJVK5Y","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FXMG76FJVK5YAVT6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FXMG76FJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:28Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:FXMG76FJVK5YAVT6I3KTC36MDO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1101.4250","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2011-01-22T00:35:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3a5a589d70a3ebecda741cea4abb046ba6e35d6fb00c144b385c9d33ad50636b","abstract_canon_sha256":"bf8298b3be99427b5a8cf096729de742138b1911651fb43e0f7de3f07aa9d297"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2dd86ff8a9aabb80567e46d5316fcc1b93a22af4d223352b605db7859dd20556","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:59.435370Z","signature_b64":"OqXugnFlTsVBmqUXES2SE2B77quJ7vXEyvGkaG/YOgk/pycQ6M92J2h6B54XtFqJr/x1TSHYXK8jEUC/LYULCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"2dd86ff8a9aabb80567e46d5316fcc1b93a22af4d223352b605db7859dd20556","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:59.434660Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:59.434660Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1101.4250","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"PrqQus8Z/dtK2P1JK/Q41Z6JwQ8qA4Q2WVTSiWii2pz/cFJCpaSNaHQa7+U7se/RKMBGW3EWZhBgiIcxD+e3DA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-19T22:49:22.459135Z"},"content_sha256":"582d23fedb8525ea5c6028f670fb8cd2071bd2153bf231e271733f3d19e0024e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:582d23fedb8525ea5c6028f670fb8cd2071bd2153bf231e271733f3d19e0024e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:FXMG76FJVK5YAVT6I3KTC36MDO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Space-time qubits","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"C.R. Myers, J.L. Pienaar, T.C. Ralph","submitted_at":"2011-01-22T00:35:14Z","abstract_excerpt":"We construct a qubit algebra from field creation and annihilation operators acting on a global vacuum state. Particles to be used as qubits are created from the vacuum by a near-deterministic single particle source. Our formulation makes the space-time dependence of the qubits explicit, preparing the way for quantum computation within a field framework. The method can be generalized to deal with interacting qubits whose wavepackets are not perfectly matched to each other. We give an example of how to calculate the Heisenberg evolution of a simple two-qubit circuit, taking expectation values in"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1101.4250","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"HBKfmDiOWyLAw4+lrTBm778quSj/19Us5xBsItLi0jZB6cVO66MHqBXhFttHtO9MZGWPmyHc86b9MG7IxabSCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-19T22:49:22.459516Z"},"content_sha256":"64741dda43c90cb983eaecb6182493a6847d65fc141adfb5ab36b7e5252790d4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:64741dda43c90cb983eaecb6182493a6847d65fc141adfb5ab36b7e5252790d4"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FXMG76FJVK5YAVT6I3KTC36MDO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FXMG76FJVK5YAVT6I3KTC36MDO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FXMG76FJVK5YAVT6I3KTC36MDO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-19T22:49:22Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/FXMG76FJVK5YAVT6I3KTC36MDO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/FXMG76FJVK5YAVT6I3KTC36MDO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/FXMG76FJVK5YAVT6I3KTC36MDO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FXMG76FJVK5YAVT6I3KTC36MDO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:FXMG76FJVK5YAVT6I3KTC36MDO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bf8298b3be99427b5a8cf096729de742138b1911651fb43e0f7de3f07aa9d297","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2011-01-22T00:35:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"3a5a589d70a3ebecda741cea4abb046ba6e35d6fb00c144b385c9d33ad50636b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1101.4250","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1101.4250","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1101.4250v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1101.4250","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FXMG76FJVK5Y","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FXMG76FJVK5YAVT6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FXMG76FJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:28Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:64741dda43c90cb983eaecb6182493a6847d65fc141adfb5ab36b7e5252790d4","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We construct a qubit algebra from field creation and annihilation operators acting on a global vacuum state. Particles to be used as qubits are created from the vacuum by a near-deterministic single particle source. Our formulation makes the space-time dependence of the qubits explicit, preparing the way for quantum computation within a field framework. The method can be generalized to deal with interacting qubits whose wavepackets are not perfectly matched to each other. We give an example of how to calculate the Heisenberg evolution of a simple two-qubit circuit, taking expectation values in","authors_text":"C.R. Myers, J.L. Pienaar, T.C. Ralph","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2011-01-22T00:35:14Z","title":"Space-time qubits"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1101.4250","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:582d23fedb8525ea5c6028f670fb8cd2071bd2153bf231e271733f3d19e0024e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bf8298b3be99427b5a8cf096729de742138b1911651fb43e0f7de3f07aa9d297","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2011-01-22T00:35:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"3a5a589d70a3ebecda741cea4abb046ba6e35d6fb00c144b385c9d33ad50636b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1101.4250","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"2dd86ff8a9aabb80567e46d5316fcc1b93a22af4d223352b605db7859dd20556","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"2dd86ff8a9aabb80567e46d5316fcc1b93a22af4d223352b605db7859dd20556","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:59.434660Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:59.434660Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"OqXugnFlTsVBmqUXES2SE2B77quJ7vXEyvGkaG/YOgk/pycQ6M92J2h6B54XtFqJr/x1TSHYXK8jEUC/LYULCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:59.435370Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1101.4250","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:582d23fedb8525ea5c6028f670fb8cd2071bd2153bf231e271733f3d19e0024e","sha256:64741dda43c90cb983eaecb6182493a6847d65fc141adfb5ab36b7e5252790d4"],"state_sha256":"adfe63a29517ab0978d7db1a50549891d3e9da38334e7b7918313b0e8b2479b9"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ik9ez+ezceR7ubXePLBBGKxlOsqRrJMe90UJJ4ZJEZlsamq85TDmd84Rl2sbjaIwuX8sGXJORulKWX2LLUyyBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-19T22:49:22.461594Z","bundle_sha256":"277864637f4646268e45f4896687968361d5cfde84782d31aa41cb106d2544a7"}}