{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:FY6LWLGYT7U5LQVISBRFEAZIIM","short_pith_number":"pith:FY6LWLGY","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1601.01975","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2016-01-08T18:47:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CC"],"title_canon_sha256":"967d850fa96b08ce65aa4e4f9c594173b03760ab9737cbb583e95e723141e5d8","abstract_canon_sha256":"91d837af4867664a0ebae07298b7a808db4558394009a8d9ba427b06ccb1b444"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2e3cbb2cd89fe9d5c2a8906252032843024517a753145221c2a86691e7ad936c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1601.01975","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1601.01975","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1601.01975v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1601.01975","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FY6LWLGYT7U5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FY6LWLGYT7U5LQVI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FY6LWLGY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:15Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:FY6LWLGYT7U5LQVISBRFEAZIIM","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1601.01975","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2016-01-08T18:47:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CC"],"title_canon_sha256":"967d850fa96b08ce65aa4e4f9c594173b03760ab9737cbb583e95e723141e5d8","abstract_canon_sha256":"91d837af4867664a0ebae07298b7a808db4558394009a8d9ba427b06ccb1b444"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2e3cbb2cd89fe9d5c2a8906252032843024517a753145221c2a86691e7ad936c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:10.949223Z","signature_b64":"OESNZdChURrKE7ibKWdKNOd7D/v3qpT5EQFZCGcjiNtPYALlJkO89AdkAXGzfv+LA7Rp1nzhgoOPK/et5tNUBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"2e3cbb2cd89fe9d5c2a8906252032843024517a753145221c2a86691e7ad936c","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:10.948471Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:10.948471Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1601.01975","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:10Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"wGWNn69YyYVyYqqxMGllfWMQHSR3yUt+xtek/EGo3zdDauGqaj8QwB4Wr1Y6I9YVkasoyYDFTLKYuqO7zUY0Ag==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T11:56:00.758196Z"},"content_sha256":"374f172a96ce94dd0663a65dd468c52f4a750f7bf641517278e12bedd317a3b8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:374f172a96ce94dd0663a65dd468c52f4a750f7bf641517278e12bedd317a3b8"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:FY6LWLGYT7U5LQVISBRFEAZIIM","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Quantum Merlin Arthur with Exponentially Small Gap","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CC"],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Bill Fefferman, Cedric Lin","submitted_at":"2016-01-08T18:47:42Z","abstract_excerpt":"We study the complexity of QMA proof systems with inverse exponentially small promise gap. We show that this class can be exactly characterized by PSPACE, the class of problems solvable with a polynomial amount of memory. As applications we show that a \"precise\" version of the Local Hamiltonian problem is PSPACE-complete, and give a provable setting in which the ability to prepare PEPS states is not as powerful as the ability to prepare the ground state of general Local Hamiltonians."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1601.01975","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:10Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"c8eNLOE/170ARFidoLH94jsFA37Yy18HB8XUmB9TaG+JUHNsstbNPY6WVQRLLAQ7U+TJpysoQBU7WVXK1xLgAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T11:56:00.758846Z"},"content_sha256":"53c5ce0266f91ff5cd4fd4e513fd33f2ee50f770f773f074ea4496c145d726d5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:53c5ce0266f91ff5cd4fd4e513fd33f2ee50f770f773f074ea4496c145d726d5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FY6LWLGYT7U5LQVISBRFEAZIIM/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FY6LWLGYT7U5LQVISBRFEAZIIM/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FY6LWLGYT7U5LQVISBRFEAZIIM/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T11:56:00Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/FY6LWLGYT7U5LQVISBRFEAZIIM","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/FY6LWLGYT7U5LQVISBRFEAZIIM/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/FY6LWLGYT7U5LQVISBRFEAZIIM/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FY6LWLGYT7U5LQVISBRFEAZIIM/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:FY6LWLGYT7U5LQVISBRFEAZIIM","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"91d837af4867664a0ebae07298b7a808db4558394009a8d9ba427b06ccb1b444","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CC"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2016-01-08T18:47:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"967d850fa96b08ce65aa4e4f9c594173b03760ab9737cbb583e95e723141e5d8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1601.01975","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1601.01975","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1601.01975v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1601.01975","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FY6LWLGYT7U5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FY6LWLGYT7U5LQVI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FY6LWLGY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:15Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:53c5ce0266f91ff5cd4fd4e513fd33f2ee50f770f773f074ea4496c145d726d5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:10Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We study the complexity of QMA proof systems with inverse exponentially small promise gap. We show that this class can be exactly characterized by PSPACE, the class of problems solvable with a polynomial amount of memory. As applications we show that a \"precise\" version of the Local Hamiltonian problem is PSPACE-complete, and give a provable setting in which the ability to prepare PEPS states is not as powerful as the ability to prepare the ground state of general Local Hamiltonians.","authors_text":"Bill Fefferman, Cedric Lin","cross_cats":["cs.CC"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2016-01-08T18:47:42Z","title":"Quantum Merlin Arthur with Exponentially Small Gap"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1601.01975","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:374f172a96ce94dd0663a65dd468c52f4a750f7bf641517278e12bedd317a3b8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:10Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"91d837af4867664a0ebae07298b7a808db4558394009a8d9ba427b06ccb1b444","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CC"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2016-01-08T18:47:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"967d850fa96b08ce65aa4e4f9c594173b03760ab9737cbb583e95e723141e5d8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1601.01975","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"2e3cbb2cd89fe9d5c2a8906252032843024517a753145221c2a86691e7ad936c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"2e3cbb2cd89fe9d5c2a8906252032843024517a753145221c2a86691e7ad936c","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:10.948471Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:10.948471Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"OESNZdChURrKE7ibKWdKNOd7D/v3qpT5EQFZCGcjiNtPYALlJkO89AdkAXGzfv+LA7Rp1nzhgoOPK/et5tNUBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:10.949223Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1601.01975","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:374f172a96ce94dd0663a65dd468c52f4a750f7bf641517278e12bedd317a3b8","sha256:53c5ce0266f91ff5cd4fd4e513fd33f2ee50f770f773f074ea4496c145d726d5"],"state_sha256":"8a893efe701d903b47bc7eca18680768f0060b6ea1b602d23249d2c8ba86f2ab"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qbtQywEUbKjJctEZ8L1wjEhcgF1/3pljRldnOgqut4+bsdC1vD2bqsOcyOCm9KO86a4RWZlT2n/hMpaHyuJOBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T11:56:00.762354Z","bundle_sha256":"703fa388f570ab0417bdbf5bb0e5733bee2f618cacfc402ef57871b08700381f"}}