{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:FYV45LU3Q3G7MSSBIEEQCFHTUJ","short_pith_number":"pith:FYV45LU3","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1805.02640","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SY","submitted_at":"2018-05-07T17:49:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SY"],"title_canon_sha256":"8e3b4d6d8a9cb23fcd442139460483712b7465e9fe44aa4b16606336787b85ab","abstract_canon_sha256":"56884108ea9da8f05f40a6054eb56f198dae7137ed26f8678cdba38821569304"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2e2bceae9b86cdf64a4141090114f3a274cd088f70488f7960f2f96f64f589e4","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1805.02640","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1805.02640","created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1805.02640v1","created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1805.02640","created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FYV45LU3Q3G7","created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FYV45LU3Q3G7MSSB","created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FYV45LU3","created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:52Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:FYV45LU3Q3G7MSSBIEEQCFHTUJ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1805.02640","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SY","submitted_at":"2018-05-07T17:49:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SY"],"title_canon_sha256":"8e3b4d6d8a9cb23fcd442139460483712b7465e9fe44aa4b16606336787b85ab","abstract_canon_sha256":"56884108ea9da8f05f40a6054eb56f198dae7137ed26f8678cdba38821569304"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2e2bceae9b86cdf64a4141090114f3a274cd088f70488f7960f2f96f64f589e4","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:52.190709Z","signature_b64":"bi0/q3xUnBxi73h3rFu8sxxr93lhXGa/nyzZej0BY31T2dlEYCXPFRh3xzo9IxJ9jqQZU7OEovZAh5+DGK0LAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"2e2bceae9b86cdf64a4141090114f3a274cd088f70488f7960f2f96f64f589e4","last_reissued_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:52.190282Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:52.190282Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1805.02640","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ZAorxBY8Rh3nvNxozyYIxV3iRfw+JUyUgjkCOTpEuNCHO6t4BpO1KKWwF5JlFslnjul4l/6NclDcXRsuNrC2BA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T15:04:15.657124Z"},"content_sha256":"9977cc1ccf468d418be6cf293d52b174491b74a6f70201522523c2460909bd90","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9977cc1ccf468d418be6cf293d52b174491b74a6f70201522523c2460909bd90"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:FYV45LU3Q3G7MSSBIEEQCFHTUJ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"On Redundant Observability: From Security Index to Attack Detection and Resilient State Estimation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.SY"],"primary_cat":"eess.SY","authors_text":"Chanhwa Lee, Hyungbo Shim, Yongsoon Eun","submitted_at":"2018-05-07T17:49:34Z","abstract_excerpt":"The security of control systems under sensor attacks is investigated. Redundant observability is introduced, explaining existing security notions including the security index, attack detectability, and observability under attacks. Equivalent conditions between redundant observability and existing notions are presented. Based on a bank of partial observers utilizing Kalman decomposition and a decoder exploiting redundancy, an estimator design algorithm is proposed enhancing the resilience of control systems. This scheme substantially improves computational efficiency utilizing far less memory."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1805.02640","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1805.02640/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mkJo4XE1UtXtFXdNPxHM3cqQtQhVY85c42ddN1A3pFg2ZFsZcLMnZxQ8ANWNuTsKggykWQTjCulF2EeD4CgNDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T15:04:15.657517Z"},"content_sha256":"afb480268c521f32e3be9f87e93d8448684cd3b52b8c9832a6123e869c98ae2b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:afb480268c521f32e3be9f87e93d8448684cd3b52b8c9832a6123e869c98ae2b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FYV45LU3Q3G7MSSBIEEQCFHTUJ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FYV45LU3Q3G7MSSBIEEQCFHTUJ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FYV45LU3Q3G7MSSBIEEQCFHTUJ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-06T15:04:15Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/FYV45LU3Q3G7MSSBIEEQCFHTUJ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/FYV45LU3Q3G7MSSBIEEQCFHTUJ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/FYV45LU3Q3G7MSSBIEEQCFHTUJ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FYV45LU3Q3G7MSSBIEEQCFHTUJ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:FYV45LU3Q3G7MSSBIEEQCFHTUJ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"56884108ea9da8f05f40a6054eb56f198dae7137ed26f8678cdba38821569304","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SY"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SY","submitted_at":"2018-05-07T17:49:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"8e3b4d6d8a9cb23fcd442139460483712b7465e9fe44aa4b16606336787b85ab"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1805.02640","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1805.02640","created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1805.02640v1","created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1805.02640","created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FYV45LU3Q3G7","created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FYV45LU3Q3G7MSSB","created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FYV45LU3","created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:52Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:afb480268c521f32e3be9f87e93d8448684cd3b52b8c9832a6123e869c98ae2b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1805.02640/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The security of control systems under sensor attacks is investigated. Redundant observability is introduced, explaining existing security notions including the security index, attack detectability, and observability under attacks. Equivalent conditions between redundant observability and existing notions are presented. Based on a bank of partial observers utilizing Kalman decomposition and a decoder exploiting redundancy, an estimator design algorithm is proposed enhancing the resilience of control systems. This scheme substantially improves computational efficiency utilizing far less memory.","authors_text":"Chanhwa Lee, Hyungbo Shim, Yongsoon Eun","cross_cats":["cs.SY"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SY","submitted_at":"2018-05-07T17:49:34Z","title":"On Redundant Observability: From Security Index to Attack Detection and Resilient State Estimation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1805.02640","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:9977cc1ccf468d418be6cf293d52b174491b74a6f70201522523c2460909bd90","target":"record","created_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"56884108ea9da8f05f40a6054eb56f198dae7137ed26f8678cdba38821569304","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SY"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SY","submitted_at":"2018-05-07T17:49:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"8e3b4d6d8a9cb23fcd442139460483712b7465e9fe44aa4b16606336787b85ab"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1805.02640","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"2e2bceae9b86cdf64a4141090114f3a274cd088f70488f7960f2f96f64f589e4","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"2e2bceae9b86cdf64a4141090114f3a274cd088f70488f7960f2f96f64f589e4","first_computed_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:52.190282Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:52.190282Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"bi0/q3xUnBxi73h3rFu8sxxr93lhXGa/nyzZej0BY31T2dlEYCXPFRh3xzo9IxJ9jqQZU7OEovZAh5+DGK0LAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-06-04T19:11:52.190709Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1805.02640","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:9977cc1ccf468d418be6cf293d52b174491b74a6f70201522523c2460909bd90","sha256:afb480268c521f32e3be9f87e93d8448684cd3b52b8c9832a6123e869c98ae2b"],"state_sha256":"ce59d227876ba51bffc9ca6198af92ffaf762d86d3fd690fafcbb25779c7d207"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"XLLnR6uzMKWdT3uE0MV2pqfb6edAlJZcE67tbgUNR61wT77k3C75em5SzFdqc01ojLfLwCRh+2JGXFPA1cfnBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T15:04:15.659513Z","bundle_sha256":"bc6cdff3ddd5728cbec9387c488091ea8f9463f9defa23fa713522f7b585b385"}}