{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:FZ6HPV42Z24ZHKRORQJUTWZBBU","short_pith_number":"pith:FZ6HPV42","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2602.00422","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2026-01-31T00:19:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"7bbc83d951887f3853b1c65d1789554de6d2ed094fbe4360f47469219794c127","abstract_canon_sha256":"7316de5aeba1622e4ce3b469b4bf13ad66cd32e5e3ba1d469c2c5c5fb8bb86c7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2e7c77d79aceb993aa2e8c1349db210d0709882f34ab4406bfd4047af925bfee","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2602.00422","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2602.00422","created_at":"2026-05-27T01:04:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2602.00422v3","created_at":"2026-05-27T01:04:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2602.00422","created_at":"2026-05-27T01:04:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FZ6HPV42Z24Z","created_at":"2026-05-27T01:04:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FZ6HPV42Z24ZHKRO","created_at":"2026-05-27T01:04:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FZ6HPV42","created_at":"2026-05-27T01:04:55Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:FZ6HPV42Z24ZHKRORQJUTWZBBU","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2602.00422","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2026-01-31T00:19:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"7bbc83d951887f3853b1c65d1789554de6d2ed094fbe4360f47469219794c127","abstract_canon_sha256":"7316de5aeba1622e4ce3b469b4bf13ad66cd32e5e3ba1d469c2c5c5fb8bb86c7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2e7c77d79aceb993aa2e8c1349db210d0709882f34ab4406bfd4047af925bfee","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-27T01:04:55.542497Z","signature_b64":"NTqFtLfdCAwCyD3rNkWF5yawaGr+ch95gCuBDpMHUg0Bg0xZar9s+9haFbIUq7oRqKlcARaw/xS1E9RKJ96FBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"2e7c77d79aceb993aa2e8c1349db210d0709882f34ab4406bfd4047af925bfee","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-27T01:04:55.541926Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-27T01:04:55.541926Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2602.00422","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-27T01:04:55Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"raILjMbLPbDiL2x5aYPTF5psXx+oHzG2PYXikmItR+mnfxDGVgAd0uLYTLvXZRR9iOOAdKWQH1r3UxqU0ifVAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T23:50:12.769273Z"},"content_sha256":"157089ffafd8e48b61eaba2c67ea811fde9de4f0bf6552f1a7c7ab46e1d8ce4a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:157089ffafd8e48b61eaba2c67ea811fde9de4f0bf6552f1a7c7ab46e1d8ce4a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:FZ6HPV42Z24ZHKRORQJUTWZBBU","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Jacobson's thermodynamic approach to classical gravity applied to non-Riemannian geometries: remarks on the simplicity of Nature","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"Jacobson's thermodynamic approach selects Einstein-Hilbert action plus quadratic torsion term for non-Riemannian geometries without non-metricity.","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"2) ((1) Universidad Industrial de Santander, (2) Universidad Antonio Narino), Jhan N. Martinez (1), Jose F. Rodriguez-Ruiz (2), Yeinzon Rodriguez (1","submitted_at":"2026-01-31T00:19:38Z","abstract_excerpt":"Three decades ago, Ted Jacobson surprised us with a very appealing approach to classical gravity. According to him, the gravitational field equations are the consequence of the first law of thermodynamics applied to a Rindler observer. Jacobson's approach being formulated for Riemannian geometries, we have wondered what its consequences would be for non-Riemannian geometries. The results of our quest have been particularly appealing: we have found that the theory that derives from the Einstein-Hilbert action, arguably ``the simplest one'', does not belong to the pool of gravitational theories "},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"Together, the two approaches point towards the theory that derives from the Einstein-Hilbert action plus a term quadratic in the torsion vector as the one that would be selected by Nature in the non-Riemannian case without non metricity (when the energy-momentum tensor is identified as its metric version).","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"The hypotheses employed in the formulation of the Lanczos-Lovelock theories of gravity can be applied to the non-Riemannian case, and the thermodynamic and Lanczos-Lovelock approaches remain consistent only for specific identifications of the energy-momentum tensor and absence of non-metricity.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"Jacobson's thermodynamic approach applied to non-Riemannian geometries selects the Einstein-Hilbert action plus a quadratic torsion term as Nature's choice when non-metricity is absent and the metric energy-momentum tensor is used.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"Jacobson's thermodynamic approach selects Einstein-Hilbert action plus quadratic torsion term for non-Riemannian geometries without non-metricity.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"f038a4822fb2d47e4b47e0e009024a4ecbb19827076d09526558bbd5a0394577"},"source":{"id":"2602.00422","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":"a03dcf8d-3994-4f0b-9309-b68cf011c3ab","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-16T09:30:34.512720Z","strongest_claim":"Together, the two approaches point towards the theory that derives from the Einstein-Hilbert action plus a term quadratic in the torsion vector as the one that would be selected by Nature in the non-Riemannian case without non metricity (when the energy-momentum tensor is identified as its metric version).","one_line_summary":"Jacobson's thermodynamic approach applied to non-Riemannian geometries selects the Einstein-Hilbert action plus a quadratic torsion term as Nature's choice when non-metricity is absent and the metric energy-momentum tensor is used.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"The hypotheses employed in the formulation of the Lanczos-Lovelock theories of gravity can be applied to the non-Riemannian case, and the thermodynamic and Lanczos-Lovelock approaches remain consistent only for specific identifications of the energy-momentum tensor and absence of non-metricity.","pith_extraction_headline":"Jacobson's thermodynamic approach selects Einstein-Hilbert action plus quadratic torsion term for non-Riemannian geometries without non-metricity."},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2602.00422/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":2,"snapshot_sha256":"15682a026881235ff381ecd03f4741e0353430bdd572441a701dc6c16a6d5cfb"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":"a03dcf8d-3994-4f0b-9309-b68cf011c3ab"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-27T01:04:55Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jL0frINm1wnZMJmyniSFwS4q5lJUKBwJNBoMrPHNtuAkIMEPjx9U2iYkFgN+sBRYUeQsSSxXOuEnHazo+Ri6Bw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T23:50:12.769772Z"},"content_sha256":"de037d3ef7fecf19b0643bee9431d7c2c09153c7ebf2829f18cdde11dc131e9f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:de037d3ef7fecf19b0643bee9431d7c2c09153c7ebf2829f18cdde11dc131e9f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FZ6HPV42Z24ZHKRORQJUTWZBBU/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FZ6HPV42Z24ZHKRORQJUTWZBBU/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FZ6HPV42Z24ZHKRORQJUTWZBBU/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T23:50:12Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/FZ6HPV42Z24ZHKRORQJUTWZBBU","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/FZ6HPV42Z24ZHKRORQJUTWZBBU/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/FZ6HPV42Z24ZHKRORQJUTWZBBU/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FZ6HPV42Z24ZHKRORQJUTWZBBU/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:FZ6HPV42Z24ZHKRORQJUTWZBBU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7316de5aeba1622e4ce3b469b4bf13ad66cd32e5e3ba1d469c2c5c5fb8bb86c7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2026-01-31T00:19:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"7bbc83d951887f3853b1c65d1789554de6d2ed094fbe4360f47469219794c127"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2602.00422","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2602.00422","created_at":"2026-05-27T01:04:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2602.00422v3","created_at":"2026-05-27T01:04:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2602.00422","created_at":"2026-05-27T01:04:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FZ6HPV42Z24Z","created_at":"2026-05-27T01:04:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FZ6HPV42Z24ZHKRO","created_at":"2026-05-27T01:04:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FZ6HPV42","created_at":"2026-05-27T01:04:55Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:de037d3ef7fecf19b0643bee9431d7c2c09153c7ebf2829f18cdde11dc131e9f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-27T01:04:55Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C1","kind":"strongest_claim","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","text":"Together, the two approaches point towards the theory that derives from the Einstein-Hilbert action plus a term quadratic in the torsion vector as the one that would be selected by Nature in the non-Riemannian case without non metricity (when the energy-momentum tensor is identified as its metric version)."},{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C2","kind":"weakest_assumption","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","text":"The hypotheses employed in the formulation of the Lanczos-Lovelock theories of gravity can be applied to the non-Riemannian case, and the thermodynamic and Lanczos-Lovelock approaches remain consistent only for specific identifications of the energy-momentum tensor and absence of non-metricity."},{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C3","kind":"one_line_summary","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","text":"Jacobson's thermodynamic approach applied to non-Riemannian geometries selects the Einstein-Hilbert action plus a quadratic torsion term as Nature's choice when non-metricity is absent and the metric energy-momentum tensor is used."},{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C4","kind":"headline","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","text":"Jacobson's thermodynamic approach selects Einstein-Hilbert action plus quadratic torsion term for non-Riemannian geometries without non-metricity."}],"snapshot_sha256":"f038a4822fb2d47e4b47e0e009024a4ecbb19827076d09526558bbd5a0394577"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":2,"snapshot_sha256":"15682a026881235ff381ecd03f4741e0353430bdd572441a701dc6c16a6d5cfb"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2602.00422/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Three decades ago, Ted Jacobson surprised us with a very appealing approach to classical gravity. According to him, the gravitational field equations are the consequence of the first law of thermodynamics applied to a Rindler observer. Jacobson's approach being formulated for Riemannian geometries, we have wondered what its consequences would be for non-Riemannian geometries. The results of our quest have been particularly appealing: we have found that the theory that derives from the Einstein-Hilbert action, arguably ``the simplest one'', does not belong to the pool of gravitational theories ","authors_text":"2) ((1) Universidad Industrial de Santander, (2) Universidad Antonio Narino), Jhan N. Martinez (1), Jose F. Rodriguez-Ruiz (2), Yeinzon Rodriguez (1","cross_cats":[],"headline":"Jacobson's thermodynamic approach selects Einstein-Hilbert action plus quadratic torsion term for non-Riemannian geometries without non-metricity.","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2026-01-31T00:19:38Z","title":"Jacobson's thermodynamic approach to classical gravity applied to non-Riemannian geometries: remarks on the simplicity of Nature"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2602.00422","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":"2026-05-16T09:30:34.512720Z","id":"a03dcf8d-3994-4f0b-9309-b68cf011c3ab","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"one_line_summary":"Jacobson's thermodynamic approach applied to non-Riemannian geometries selects the Einstein-Hilbert action plus a quadratic torsion term as Nature's choice when non-metricity is absent and the metric energy-momentum tensor is used.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","pith_extraction_headline":"Jacobson's thermodynamic approach selects Einstein-Hilbert action plus quadratic torsion term for non-Riemannian geometries without non-metricity.","strongest_claim":"Together, the two approaches point towards the theory that derives from the Einstein-Hilbert action plus a term quadratic in the torsion vector as the one that would be selected by Nature in the non-Riemannian case without non metricity (when the energy-momentum tensor is identified as its metric version).","weakest_assumption":"The hypotheses employed in the formulation of the Lanczos-Lovelock theories of gravity can be applied to the non-Riemannian case, and the thermodynamic and Lanczos-Lovelock approaches remain consistent only for specific identifications of the energy-momentum tensor and absence of non-metricity."}},"verdict_id":"a03dcf8d-3994-4f0b-9309-b68cf011c3ab"}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:157089ffafd8e48b61eaba2c67ea811fde9de4f0bf6552f1a7c7ab46e1d8ce4a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-27T01:04:55Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7316de5aeba1622e4ce3b469b4bf13ad66cd32e5e3ba1d469c2c5c5fb8bb86c7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2026-01-31T00:19:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"7bbc83d951887f3853b1c65d1789554de6d2ed094fbe4360f47469219794c127"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2602.00422","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"2e7c77d79aceb993aa2e8c1349db210d0709882f34ab4406bfd4047af925bfee","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"2e7c77d79aceb993aa2e8c1349db210d0709882f34ab4406bfd4047af925bfee","first_computed_at":"2026-05-27T01:04:55.541926Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-27T01:04:55.541926Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"NTqFtLfdCAwCyD3rNkWF5yawaGr+ch95gCuBDpMHUg0Bg0xZar9s+9haFbIUq7oRqKlcARaw/xS1E9RKJ96FBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-27T01:04:55.542497Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2602.00422","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:157089ffafd8e48b61eaba2c67ea811fde9de4f0bf6552f1a7c7ab46e1d8ce4a","sha256:de037d3ef7fecf19b0643bee9431d7c2c09153c7ebf2829f18cdde11dc131e9f"],"state_sha256":"36e622d706bc0fd69469e8fe18a44565f8f648ca021d476af024d4776ea0c943"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2yQoC3KND7Z+y98D5uAeWo3UZDi+M7l77LoViJQkJk86yQFjN4CQRuHiDfk8rcPZLqxM+pZdfs2BOFTzuhCEAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T23:50:12.772201Z","bundle_sha256":"fce51b1183b3e7c36d485fa877ec5fda7665f992531bb878c6790653eb664095"}}