{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:G2IIDODNQP4KMKOYHZXX4TC2X7","short_pith_number":"pith:G2IIDODN","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1211.6148","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2012-11-26T22:27:08Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9949ef1380eab29e5e0d94b15f2e04cd8e43b60eed7706f91e6cb2f26adc5470","abstract_canon_sha256":"1634de7a167ada370fbfef6020f85743da504e985d4958115ff628139b78c77a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"369081b86d83f8a629d83e6f7e4c5abfc19c10afae4de80685469015c1e005b9","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1211.6148","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1211.6148","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1211.6148v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1211.6148","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"G2IIDODNQP4K","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"G2IIDODNQP4KMKOY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"G2IIDODN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:06Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:G2IIDODNQP4KMKOYHZXX4TC2X7","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1211.6148","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2012-11-26T22:27:08Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9949ef1380eab29e5e0d94b15f2e04cd8e43b60eed7706f91e6cb2f26adc5470","abstract_canon_sha256":"1634de7a167ada370fbfef6020f85743da504e985d4958115ff628139b78c77a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"369081b86d83f8a629d83e6f7e4c5abfc19c10afae4de80685469015c1e005b9","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:54.678694Z","signature_b64":"VV8wpHK6QZ/QUHTmHfsCCn7XFDQA2SkJ3pJKwoOnfps2EJaBebu3ieeY96BZ9XUmCaGsj9JtKRnz1DsQtiA4Aw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"369081b86d83f8a629d83e6f7e4c5abfc19c10afae4de80685469015c1e005b9","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:54.678174Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:54.678174Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1211.6148","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"hs21AmJvZgO7jxK1iPuaKzzx1ebkjIuCJNqqjrknLFLlxwU4xUOTmaBNF+O4b+oQPgmYgHWoufXpDW8udTZwCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T06:52:16.579681Z"},"content_sha256":"efd302aec0395bf1ba220ea1b98703821e8934935c52fa31ea2bb80de10634e0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:efd302aec0395bf1ba220ea1b98703821e8934935c52fa31ea2bb80de10634e0"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:G2IIDODNQP4KMKOYHZXX4TC2X7","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Collisionless shocks in a partially ionized medium: III. Efficient cosmic ray acceleration","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"D. Caprioli, E. Amato, G. Morlino, P. Blasi, R. Bandiera","submitted_at":"2012-11-26T22:27:08Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this paper we present the first formulation of the theory of non-linear particle acceleration in collisionless shocks in the presence of neutral hydrogen in the acceleration region. The dynamical reaction of the accelerated particles, the magnetic field amplification and the magnetic dynamical effects on the shock are also included. The main new aspect consists however in accounting for charge exchange and ionization of neutral hydrogen, which profoundly change the structure of the shock, as discussed in our previous work. This important dynamical effect of neutrals is mainly associated to "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1211.6148","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"V4YV6Pyhw2UeDxvatOQ75+P+3bXJbMmIcoxeiH6y6A7YcSpcrmGxtyRMFSnReNBB9mMSuJaGIDRyk9qSPDEpCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T06:52:16.580396Z"},"content_sha256":"fdf9db3d18406b81789cf1c65d9a8b7b71243226d710e048cda61215098936db","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fdf9db3d18406b81789cf1c65d9a8b7b71243226d710e048cda61215098936db"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/G2IIDODNQP4KMKOYHZXX4TC2X7/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/G2IIDODNQP4KMKOYHZXX4TC2X7/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/G2IIDODNQP4KMKOYHZXX4TC2X7/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-31T06:52:16Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/G2IIDODNQP4KMKOYHZXX4TC2X7","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/G2IIDODNQP4KMKOYHZXX4TC2X7/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/G2IIDODNQP4KMKOYHZXX4TC2X7/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/G2IIDODNQP4KMKOYHZXX4TC2X7/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:G2IIDODNQP4KMKOYHZXX4TC2X7","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1634de7a167ada370fbfef6020f85743da504e985d4958115ff628139b78c77a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2012-11-26T22:27:08Z","title_canon_sha256":"9949ef1380eab29e5e0d94b15f2e04cd8e43b60eed7706f91e6cb2f26adc5470"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1211.6148","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1211.6148","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1211.6148v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1211.6148","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"G2IIDODNQP4K","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"G2IIDODNQP4KMKOY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"G2IIDODN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:06Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:fdf9db3d18406b81789cf1c65d9a8b7b71243226d710e048cda61215098936db","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this paper we present the first formulation of the theory of non-linear particle acceleration in collisionless shocks in the presence of neutral hydrogen in the acceleration region. The dynamical reaction of the accelerated particles, the magnetic field amplification and the magnetic dynamical effects on the shock are also included. The main new aspect consists however in accounting for charge exchange and ionization of neutral hydrogen, which profoundly change the structure of the shock, as discussed in our previous work. This important dynamical effect of neutrals is mainly associated to ","authors_text":"D. Caprioli, E. Amato, G. Morlino, P. Blasi, R. Bandiera","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2012-11-26T22:27:08Z","title":"Collisionless shocks in a partially ionized medium: III. Efficient cosmic ray acceleration"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1211.6148","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:efd302aec0395bf1ba220ea1b98703821e8934935c52fa31ea2bb80de10634e0","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1634de7a167ada370fbfef6020f85743da504e985d4958115ff628139b78c77a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2012-11-26T22:27:08Z","title_canon_sha256":"9949ef1380eab29e5e0d94b15f2e04cd8e43b60eed7706f91e6cb2f26adc5470"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1211.6148","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"369081b86d83f8a629d83e6f7e4c5abfc19c10afae4de80685469015c1e005b9","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"369081b86d83f8a629d83e6f7e4c5abfc19c10afae4de80685469015c1e005b9","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:54.678174Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:54.678174Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"VV8wpHK6QZ/QUHTmHfsCCn7XFDQA2SkJ3pJKwoOnfps2EJaBebu3ieeY96BZ9XUmCaGsj9JtKRnz1DsQtiA4Aw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:54.678694Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1211.6148","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:efd302aec0395bf1ba220ea1b98703821e8934935c52fa31ea2bb80de10634e0","sha256:fdf9db3d18406b81789cf1c65d9a8b7b71243226d710e048cda61215098936db"],"state_sha256":"533ab7320564f9aab719915a935798ad376f2700e0f8a605494c9530084c78f8"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"dvMayX18rLa2HMld+cTTW/MDUTSI1MnRIgSO6atVTRNoAG/Bf0xDkx5hTMKkCzzHDHNIbOUiUQXzu+1s5GN5DA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T06:52:16.584487Z","bundle_sha256":"ce6ad9ee792337f49402c1fe3a504771f601a1ee3a1494fca148822437e09d92"}}