{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:G2MUP5FNJNW5PPCICY4TXIFHFB","short_pith_number":"pith:G2MUP5FN","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2011.02891","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2020-11-05T15:04:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"4e9460bfe27e77be640c11804d3e54c40cd9e62b0aa6096b4ab08882e004b6ac","abstract_canon_sha256":"e7da4878ecd45683baaab88125bc8a6367c20eea02661c00cc71f7c03cb8dfa6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"369947f4ad4b6dd7bc4816393ba0a7287398c7a5d9ad1607a976945ecd5f5c06","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2011.02891","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2011.02891","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2011.02891v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2011.02891","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"G2MUP5FNJNW5","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"G2MUP5FNJNW5PPCI","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"G2MUP5FN","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:37Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:G2MUP5FNJNW5PPCICY4TXIFHFB","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2011.02891","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2020-11-05T15:04:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"4e9460bfe27e77be640c11804d3e54c40cd9e62b0aa6096b4ab08882e004b6ac","abstract_canon_sha256":"e7da4878ecd45683baaab88125bc8a6367c20eea02661c00cc71f7c03cb8dfa6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"369947f4ad4b6dd7bc4816393ba0a7287398c7a5d9ad1607a976945ecd5f5c06","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:37.697255Z","signature_b64":"zKuwT3SNA80V/ZOZbIqKIcVpG58KMt7AT7BUTmS3nOR63P09A2NXRGe7P0buzCbWWFtgRR2fYqe1sUKRWEzkDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"369947f4ad4b6dd7bc4816393ba0a7287398c7a5d9ad1607a976945ecd5f5c06","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:37.696908Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:37.696908Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2011.02891","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Qj+tevZk5nQOBhB49cO/MhNee5WYMi8cUUA3/lnCi/mofj4idg7M/ySrOVZCqi2bvs27jLy2dGPIA+JsVlaIDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-09T05:43:14.542988Z"},"content_sha256":"d02bff683aa7419086f738cfe46b811c062d666af4ab97db58798a436805e968","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d02bff683aa7419086f738cfe46b811c062d666af4ab97db58798a436805e968"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:G2MUP5FNJNW5PPCICY4TXIFHFB","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"On the impact of predicate complexity in crowdsourced classification tasks","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.HC","authors_text":"Boualem Benatallah, Ekaterina A. Taran, Fabio Casati, Jorge Ram\\'irez, Luca Cernuzzi, Marcos Baez, Veronika A. Malanina","submitted_at":"2020-11-05T15:04:10Z","abstract_excerpt":"This paper explores and offers guidance on a specific and relevant problem in task design for crowdsourcing: how to formulate a complex question used to classify a set of items. In micro-task markets, classification is still among the most popular tasks. We situate our work in the context of information retrieval and multi-predicate classification, i.e., classifying a set of items based on a set of conditions. Our experiments cover a wide range of tasks and domains, and also consider crowd workers alone and in tandem with machine learning classifiers. We provide empirical evidence into how the"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2011.02891","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2011.02891/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"1VI8pFp6iZbmzV+gPZpzcKxT11D+kv4acJ8tnUqecqjUbPrN/1Ak7YPB3O/PnGYwHlc24nzjPf7CDGP1gmNlCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-09T05:43:14.543649Z"},"content_sha256":"0ef679f20569e799ff1c6959a232b8521698bf79ec66f0e5181486470fad9eab","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0ef679f20569e799ff1c6959a232b8521698bf79ec66f0e5181486470fad9eab"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/G2MUP5FNJNW5PPCICY4TXIFHFB/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/G2MUP5FNJNW5PPCICY4TXIFHFB/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/G2MUP5FNJNW5PPCICY4TXIFHFB/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-09T05:43:14Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/G2MUP5FNJNW5PPCICY4TXIFHFB","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/G2MUP5FNJNW5PPCICY4TXIFHFB/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/G2MUP5FNJNW5PPCICY4TXIFHFB/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/G2MUP5FNJNW5PPCICY4TXIFHFB/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:G2MUP5FNJNW5PPCICY4TXIFHFB","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e7da4878ecd45683baaab88125bc8a6367c20eea02661c00cc71f7c03cb8dfa6","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2020-11-05T15:04:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"4e9460bfe27e77be640c11804d3e54c40cd9e62b0aa6096b4ab08882e004b6ac"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2011.02891","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2011.02891","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2011.02891v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2011.02891","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"G2MUP5FNJNW5","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"G2MUP5FNJNW5PPCI","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"G2MUP5FN","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:37Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0ef679f20569e799ff1c6959a232b8521698bf79ec66f0e5181486470fad9eab","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2011.02891/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This paper explores and offers guidance on a specific and relevant problem in task design for crowdsourcing: how to formulate a complex question used to classify a set of items. In micro-task markets, classification is still among the most popular tasks. We situate our work in the context of information retrieval and multi-predicate classification, i.e., classifying a set of items based on a set of conditions. Our experiments cover a wide range of tasks and domains, and also consider crowd workers alone and in tandem with machine learning classifiers. We provide empirical evidence into how the","authors_text":"Boualem Benatallah, Ekaterina A. Taran, Fabio Casati, Jorge Ram\\'irez, Luca Cernuzzi, Marcos Baez, Veronika A. Malanina","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2020-11-05T15:04:10Z","title":"On the impact of predicate complexity in crowdsourced classification tasks"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2011.02891","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d02bff683aa7419086f738cfe46b811c062d666af4ab97db58798a436805e968","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e7da4878ecd45683baaab88125bc8a6367c20eea02661c00cc71f7c03cb8dfa6","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2020-11-05T15:04:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"4e9460bfe27e77be640c11804d3e54c40cd9e62b0aa6096b4ab08882e004b6ac"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2011.02891","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"369947f4ad4b6dd7bc4816393ba0a7287398c7a5d9ad1607a976945ecd5f5c06","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"369947f4ad4b6dd7bc4816393ba0a7287398c7a5d9ad1607a976945ecd5f5c06","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:37.696908Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:37.696908Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"zKuwT3SNA80V/ZOZbIqKIcVpG58KMt7AT7BUTmS3nOR63P09A2NXRGe7P0buzCbWWFtgRR2fYqe1sUKRWEzkDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:52:37.697255Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2011.02891","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d02bff683aa7419086f738cfe46b811c062d666af4ab97db58798a436805e968","sha256:0ef679f20569e799ff1c6959a232b8521698bf79ec66f0e5181486470fad9eab"],"state_sha256":"c8e20405467eb2aeb103bc4d2c825f726fdddac164d839c5c87578fe8df19d70"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+HK3tzGB5rYeo7E+MzgzQRVFlyWe7NIDTy7oH1/CDV+JPtvMoV/sT+S+DAHqKuW9jiLh9YgFWXSlja3zWgFACg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-09T05:43:14.546926Z","bundle_sha256":"474da22a73e40803dec0629b536941ea913206427ffdb2957680f67c46b47e9b"}}