{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2017:G4Q565YYJR5S6MHSSYR4IGLKZH","short_pith_number":"pith:G4Q565YY","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"3721df77184c7b2f30f29623c4196ac9fe5f23a4b9b212efdafdc07184aec0a7","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1708.01615","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Galaxies with Shells in the Illustris Simulation: Metallicity Signatures","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Ana-Roxana Pop, Annalisa Pillepich, Lars Hernquist, Nicola C. Amorisco","submitted_at":"2017-08-04T18:00:00Z","abstract_excerpt":"Stellar shells are low surface brightness arcs of overdense stellar regions, extending to large galactocentric distances. In a companion study, we identified 39 shell galaxies in a sample of 220 massive ellipticals ($\\mathrm{M}_{\\mathrm{200crit}}>6\\times10^{12}\\,\\mathrm{M}_\\odot$) from the Illustris cosmological simulation. We used stellar history catalogs to trace the history of each individual star particle inside the shell substructures, and we found that shells in high-mass galaxies form through mergers with massive satellites (stellar mass ratios $\\mu_{\\mathrm{stars}}\\gtrsim1:10$). Using "},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1708.01615","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2017-08-04T18:00:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"title_canon_sha256":"268717d016cd49eba98b88bdf8420cb30d34b407224977ab6d1b8ffcd4a9dd0c","abstract_canon_sha256":"7c6289a816483409539d8e42eaf77e5ad6d578430cddf7c8147a989939bcebb5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:35.389438Z","signature_b64":"Sk1EL3BFZ0uVqSS8UrDvIPeBKMx41sjOFy3htdTKAyBLgTvdf+rniYRUC5nYLyyp/YLiO7ICRYvHx7+qDdvSCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3721df77184c7b2f30f29623c4196ac9fe5f23a4b9b212efdafdc07184aec0a7","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:35.388999Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:35.388999Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Galaxies with Shells in the Illustris Simulation: Metallicity Signatures","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Ana-Roxana Pop, Annalisa Pillepich, Lars Hernquist, Nicola C. Amorisco","submitted_at":"2017-08-04T18:00:00Z","abstract_excerpt":"Stellar shells are low surface brightness arcs of overdense stellar regions, extending to large galactocentric distances. In a companion study, we identified 39 shell galaxies in a sample of 220 massive ellipticals ($\\mathrm{M}_{\\mathrm{200crit}}>6\\times10^{12}\\,\\mathrm{M}_\\odot$) from the Illustris cosmological simulation. We used stellar history catalogs to trace the history of each individual star particle inside the shell substructures, and we found that shells in high-mass galaxies form through mergers with massive satellites (stellar mass ratios $\\mu_{\\mathrm{stars}}\\gtrsim1:10$). Using "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1708.01615","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1708.01615","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:35.389065+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1708.01615v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:35.389065+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1708.01615","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:35.389065+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"G4Q565YYJR5S","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:15.632608+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"G4Q565YYJR5S6MHS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:15.632608+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"G4Q565YY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:15.632608+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/G4Q565YYJR5S6MHSSYR4IGLKZH","json":"https://pith.science/pith/G4Q565YYJR5S6MHSSYR4IGLKZH.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/G4Q565YYJR5S6MHSSYR4IGLKZH/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/G4Q565YYJR5S6MHSSYR4IGLKZH/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/G4Q565YY"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/G4Q565YYJR5S6MHSSYR4IGLKZH","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/G4Q565YYJR5S6MHSSYR4IGLKZH.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/G4Q565YY","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1708.01615&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/G4Q565YYJR5S6MHSSYR4IGLKZH/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/G4Q565YYJR5S6MHSSYR4IGLKZH/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/G4Q565YYJR5S6MHSSYR4IGLKZH/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/G4Q565YYJR5S6MHSSYR4IGLKZH/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/G4Q565YYJR5S6MHSSYR4IGLKZH/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/G4Q565YYJR5S6MHSSYR4IGLKZH/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/G4Q565YYJR5S6MHSSYR4IGLKZH/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:35.389065+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:35.389065+00:00"}