{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:G4RK2GYECY4AQFLMXMDFVXULH6","short_pith_number":"pith:G4RK2GYE","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2502.16313","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2025-02-22T18:03:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"aece058baea6a23b9e596d28418d4523dfd1ba41ebcf1d1d39c7bbf8ffa557a5","abstract_canon_sha256":"c62df37701cb9e09285884f7f0ccf0bc0c6eaea1e05f62fc52b5a09154f4c7bd"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3722ad1b04163808156cbb065ade8b3fbbd0f7f9b55e942be9063e3b59f9e880","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2502.16313","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2502.16313","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:18:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2502.16313v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:18:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2502.16313","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:18:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"G4RK2GYECY4A","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:18:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"G4RK2GYECY4AQFLM","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:18:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"G4RK2GYE","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:18:24Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:G4RK2GYECY4AQFLMXMDFVXULH6","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2502.16313","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2025-02-22T18:03:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"aece058baea6a23b9e596d28418d4523dfd1ba41ebcf1d1d39c7bbf8ffa557a5","abstract_canon_sha256":"c62df37701cb9e09285884f7f0ccf0bc0c6eaea1e05f62fc52b5a09154f4c7bd"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3722ad1b04163808156cbb065ade8b3fbbd0f7f9b55e942be9063e3b59f9e880","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:18:24.657185Z","signature_b64":"6ikf5wPlQvxoHTB99+hxjNbl1lxrtae3ly/vZdNM3Gz9s9oLDA/b4p9XcNIqF04TCLz3S2NM/rUHKXH0MrPTBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3722ad1b04163808156cbb065ade8b3fbbd0f7f9b55e942be9063e3b59f9e880","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:18:24.656691Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:18:24.656691Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2502.16313","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:18:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WiflHhI8tr+jLNitXaC5SQOqVEkU6E0iXOTtK+L15hheKcJixHUSy3rZU1ItlQofOLfdjDhmlyJ3/rgpP5SgAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T01:54:31.548896Z"},"content_sha256":"1b9f9981eb55c019909624d6e69202623c9e2a3efce97261f4df5ad52dfadb34","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1b9f9981eb55c019909624d6e69202623c9e2a3efce97261f4df5ad52dfadb34"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:G4RK2GYECY4AQFLMXMDFVXULH6","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A multilevel model with heterogeneous variances for snap timing in the National Football League","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.AP","authors_text":"Quang Nguyen, Ronald Yurko","submitted_at":"2025-02-22T18:03:42Z","abstract_excerpt":"Player tracking data have provided great opportunities to generate novel insights into understudied areas of American football, such as pre-snap motion. Using a Bayesian multilevel model with heterogeneous variances, we provide an assessment of NFL quarterbacks and their ability to synchronize the timing of the ball snap with pre-snap movement from their teammates. We focus on passing plays with receivers in motion at the snap and running a route, and define the snap timing as the time between the moment a receiver begins motioning and the ball snap event. We assume a Gamma distribution for th"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2502.16313","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2502.16313/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:18:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3Gd2ydHrKVqEDEZHVKlYodGQwaPYme01f/AsLr+wFFvLNtPZnyOO7ZiW1EXa5N7k+mJMTDXTiSEFbB+v0Uu9Bg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T01:54:31.549389Z"},"content_sha256":"e9a7d43e1a3d1152ddfbe19e505b9e0fb32a549d9534be5cd02179bd46846d6e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e9a7d43e1a3d1152ddfbe19e505b9e0fb32a549d9534be5cd02179bd46846d6e"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/G4RK2GYECY4AQFLMXMDFVXULH6/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/G4RK2GYECY4AQFLMXMDFVXULH6/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/G4RK2GYECY4AQFLMXMDFVXULH6/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-09T01:54:31Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/G4RK2GYECY4AQFLMXMDFVXULH6","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/G4RK2GYECY4AQFLMXMDFVXULH6/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/G4RK2GYECY4AQFLMXMDFVXULH6/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/G4RK2GYECY4AQFLMXMDFVXULH6/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:G4RK2GYECY4AQFLMXMDFVXULH6","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c62df37701cb9e09285884f7f0ccf0bc0c6eaea1e05f62fc52b5a09154f4c7bd","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2025-02-22T18:03:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"aece058baea6a23b9e596d28418d4523dfd1ba41ebcf1d1d39c7bbf8ffa557a5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2502.16313","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2502.16313","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:18:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2502.16313v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:18:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2502.16313","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:18:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"G4RK2GYECY4A","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:18:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"G4RK2GYECY4AQFLM","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:18:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"G4RK2GYE","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:18:24Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e9a7d43e1a3d1152ddfbe19e505b9e0fb32a549d9534be5cd02179bd46846d6e","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:18:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2502.16313/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Player tracking data have provided great opportunities to generate novel insights into understudied areas of American football, such as pre-snap motion. Using a Bayesian multilevel model with heterogeneous variances, we provide an assessment of NFL quarterbacks and their ability to synchronize the timing of the ball snap with pre-snap movement from their teammates. We focus on passing plays with receivers in motion at the snap and running a route, and define the snap timing as the time between the moment a receiver begins motioning and the ball snap event. We assume a Gamma distribution for th","authors_text":"Quang Nguyen, Ronald Yurko","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2025-02-22T18:03:42Z","title":"A multilevel model with heterogeneous variances for snap timing in the National Football League"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2502.16313","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1b9f9981eb55c019909624d6e69202623c9e2a3efce97261f4df5ad52dfadb34","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:18:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c62df37701cb9e09285884f7f0ccf0bc0c6eaea1e05f62fc52b5a09154f4c7bd","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2025-02-22T18:03:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"aece058baea6a23b9e596d28418d4523dfd1ba41ebcf1d1d39c7bbf8ffa557a5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2502.16313","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"3722ad1b04163808156cbb065ade8b3fbbd0f7f9b55e942be9063e3b59f9e880","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3722ad1b04163808156cbb065ade8b3fbbd0f7f9b55e942be9063e3b59f9e880","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:18:24.656691Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:18:24.656691Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"6ikf5wPlQvxoHTB99+hxjNbl1lxrtae3ly/vZdNM3Gz9s9oLDA/b4p9XcNIqF04TCLz3S2NM/rUHKXH0MrPTBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:18:24.657185Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2502.16313","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1b9f9981eb55c019909624d6e69202623c9e2a3efce97261f4df5ad52dfadb34","sha256:e9a7d43e1a3d1152ddfbe19e505b9e0fb32a549d9534be5cd02179bd46846d6e"],"state_sha256":"14febb772cb1aefe747411335c7be81ccd71313a1b97a6613fc88d8d0d675911"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6l8is9ppGiV9cgbtYeMNlKutko9EVz0dEG256VaaCkW+tJz8YUaOLiiuuHzw5KS2mlQx5rCXSnIuasP48z0oCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T01:54:31.553198Z","bundle_sha256":"48df6d534bb33d083a5bcd666c543fa3aaee51955890d3590b0d6b473aecb2f5"}}