{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:G6IQBMPAFNS7AIYPVK3ZQRWJ6W","short_pith_number":"pith:G6IQBMPA","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1610.06545","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2016-10-20T19:16:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"6de7647f51da874ecdb82a243330b0ef6786aa2db19ff09d150c49d5d4b9a522","abstract_canon_sha256":"d82a8aedc1a9687449c3272b10f3516e25ddb23cf6d73fa42eafc5dcb20a9978"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"379100b1e02b65f0230faab79846c9f5a56d2e6c8020b65fbdb82cb54c48dde7","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1610.06545","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1610.06545","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1610.06545v4","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1610.06545","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"G6IQBMPAFNS7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"G6IQBMPAFNS7AIYP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"G6IQBMPA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:15Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:G6IQBMPAFNS7AIYPVK3ZQRWJ6W","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1610.06545","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2016-10-20T19:16:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"6de7647f51da874ecdb82a243330b0ef6786aa2db19ff09d150c49d5d4b9a522","abstract_canon_sha256":"d82a8aedc1a9687449c3272b10f3516e25ddb23cf6d73fa42eafc5dcb20a9978"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"379100b1e02b65f0230faab79846c9f5a56d2e6c8020b65fbdb82cb54c48dde7","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:29.140401Z","signature_b64":"kDQYoh75c/o3fqMMSSkNB1/ZOJjb/wfPxWhXl/ULPmX96BhWrPF6H9rl2+sUqFwAdZpcXNMvhvo+roRjTVRhBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"379100b1e02b65f0230faab79846c9f5a56d2e6c8020b65fbdb82cb54c48dde7","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:29.139730Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:29.139730Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1610.06545","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Qo5dC2o35WJPZxpi4eF1ZnaKRq4+pSXTfifa3X+DYjdj/dvFhhYX8RM7W+kEVzD6BpuRXYaLi85rMeu0Spd5Bw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-01T04:09:05.342001Z"},"content_sha256":"1d17912ef5280d03058b179f5f344085ae2c262e258ca549d72b805892a93f74","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1d17912ef5280d03058b179f5f344085ae2c262e258ca549d72b805892a93f74"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:G6IQBMPAFNS7AIYPVK3ZQRWJ6W","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Revisiting Classifier Two-Sample Tests","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.ML","authors_text":"David Lopez-Paz, Maxime Oquab","submitted_at":"2016-10-20T19:16:10Z","abstract_excerpt":"The goal of two-sample tests is to assess whether two samples, $S_P \\sim P^n$ and $S_Q \\sim Q^m$, are drawn from the same distribution. Perhaps intriguingly, one relatively unexplored method to build two-sample tests is the use of binary classifiers. In particular, construct a dataset by pairing the $n$ examples in $S_P$ with a positive label, and by pairing the $m$ examples in $S_Q$ with a negative label. If the null hypothesis \"$P = Q$\" is true, then the classification accuracy of a binary classifier on a held-out subset of this dataset should remain near chance-level. As we will show, such "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1610.06545","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yaijaxMnLRkB6bJhNuAv5eCFAvZAYi1tILPBforFDhLYZ4onYfPG0ZIjNYKo8gBARBaJKhZZ4yGoG9pxDD14DQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-01T04:09:05.342599Z"},"content_sha256":"7db7b8e27bc630c773b55d8d423394c55abe435c332ef722c846ddfa6798bbc4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7db7b8e27bc630c773b55d8d423394c55abe435c332ef722c846ddfa6798bbc4"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/G6IQBMPAFNS7AIYPVK3ZQRWJ6W/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/G6IQBMPAFNS7AIYPVK3ZQRWJ6W/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/G6IQBMPAFNS7AIYPVK3ZQRWJ6W/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-01T04:09:05Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/G6IQBMPAFNS7AIYPVK3ZQRWJ6W","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/G6IQBMPAFNS7AIYPVK3ZQRWJ6W/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/G6IQBMPAFNS7AIYPVK3ZQRWJ6W/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/G6IQBMPAFNS7AIYPVK3ZQRWJ6W/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:G6IQBMPAFNS7AIYPVK3ZQRWJ6W","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d82a8aedc1a9687449c3272b10f3516e25ddb23cf6d73fa42eafc5dcb20a9978","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2016-10-20T19:16:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"6de7647f51da874ecdb82a243330b0ef6786aa2db19ff09d150c49d5d4b9a522"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1610.06545","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1610.06545","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1610.06545v4","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1610.06545","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"G6IQBMPAFNS7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"G6IQBMPAFNS7AIYP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"G6IQBMPA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:15Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7db7b8e27bc630c773b55d8d423394c55abe435c332ef722c846ddfa6798bbc4","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The goal of two-sample tests is to assess whether two samples, $S_P \\sim P^n$ and $S_Q \\sim Q^m$, are drawn from the same distribution. Perhaps intriguingly, one relatively unexplored method to build two-sample tests is the use of binary classifiers. In particular, construct a dataset by pairing the $n$ examples in $S_P$ with a positive label, and by pairing the $m$ examples in $S_Q$ with a negative label. If the null hypothesis \"$P = Q$\" is true, then the classification accuracy of a binary classifier on a held-out subset of this dataset should remain near chance-level. As we will show, such ","authors_text":"David Lopez-Paz, Maxime Oquab","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2016-10-20T19:16:10Z","title":"Revisiting Classifier Two-Sample Tests"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1610.06545","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1d17912ef5280d03058b179f5f344085ae2c262e258ca549d72b805892a93f74","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d82a8aedc1a9687449c3272b10f3516e25ddb23cf6d73fa42eafc5dcb20a9978","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2016-10-20T19:16:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"6de7647f51da874ecdb82a243330b0ef6786aa2db19ff09d150c49d5d4b9a522"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1610.06545","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"379100b1e02b65f0230faab79846c9f5a56d2e6c8020b65fbdb82cb54c48dde7","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"379100b1e02b65f0230faab79846c9f5a56d2e6c8020b65fbdb82cb54c48dde7","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:29.139730Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:29.139730Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"kDQYoh75c/o3fqMMSSkNB1/ZOJjb/wfPxWhXl/ULPmX96BhWrPF6H9rl2+sUqFwAdZpcXNMvhvo+roRjTVRhBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:29.140401Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1610.06545","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1d17912ef5280d03058b179f5f344085ae2c262e258ca549d72b805892a93f74","sha256:7db7b8e27bc630c773b55d8d423394c55abe435c332ef722c846ddfa6798bbc4"],"state_sha256":"abc22aa842e43b731f3b9ac2fc2a96bb9dad2f266c3a62f9a64f4f1c70b2af0d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ReykDfQ1YAi/w/VEN/yOhUQUhDnXS0Ts+3bnKu6nxWci0KzLzI/U5mST9b+NHQlQNc08b4dsWCOVYJbnS73kAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-01T04:09:05.345285Z","bundle_sha256":"a5c21a887a4f4da3fc5e73270d108f56efba2eff33804c96dd60441602b62b96"}}