{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:GA3WNJYLF4NNSQPV26QX24FP35","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7e79b2fdbae6383f75d5c90d162d1843716b6fd09d8113bc14f80c4966278653","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2022-12-23T02:26:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"bd3f1a6bb04eb3fc5f7f19bb93cde884c6dadc29f4b26a4734ffad9f049c1c30"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2212.12110","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2212.12110","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:06:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2212.12110v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:06:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2212.12110","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:06:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GA3WNJYLF4NN","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:06:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GA3WNJYLF4NNSQPV","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:06:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GA3WNJYL","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:06:29Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d9298e94f46ce69e8358d4bb61d5fbb694aa159560388ee959424a069069f511","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:06:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2212.12110/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Front-running attacks have been a major concern on the blockchain. Attackers launch front-running attacks by inserting additional transactions before upcoming victim transactions to manipulate victim transaction executions and make profits. Recent studies have shown that front-running attacks are prevalent on the Ethereum blockchain and have caused millions of US dollars loss. Vulnerable smart contracts, blockchain programs invoked by transactions, are held responsible for front-running attacks. Although techniques to detect front-running vulnerabilities have been proposed, their performance o","authors_text":"Lili Wei, Lu Liu, Michael R. Lyu, Shing-Chi Cheung, Shuqing Li, Wuqi Zhang, Yepang Liu","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2022-12-23T02:26:46Z","title":"Combatting Front-Running in Smart Contracts: Attack Mining, Benchmark Construction and Vulnerability Detector Evaluation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2212.12110","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:db42fbb09ecc6d14064b700eb4bd2b2eeca80d55890ef3ea8796101a2bc1c22a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:06:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7e79b2fdbae6383f75d5c90d162d1843716b6fd09d8113bc14f80c4966278653","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2022-12-23T02:26:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"bd3f1a6bb04eb3fc5f7f19bb93cde884c6dadc29f4b26a4734ffad9f049c1c30"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2212.12110","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"303766a70b2f1ad941f5d7a17d70afdf620191bf37017df1e78e59b0280a71d6","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"303766a70b2f1ad941f5d7a17d70afdf620191bf37017df1e78e59b0280a71d6","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:06:29.414631Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:06:29.414631Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"m/xTxfbh7P4RUBC+6qKxktrEtS8EK1cNvb8VsRlT/1qT02mJ+a39PeY/UxXkXPg/xMh20dr1lRHuS4ldQY0mAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:06:29.415040Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2212.12110","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:db42fbb09ecc6d14064b700eb4bd2b2eeca80d55890ef3ea8796101a2bc1c22a","sha256:d9298e94f46ce69e8358d4bb61d5fbb694aa159560388ee959424a069069f511"],"state_sha256":"3390431a67251df61f0ace0848627ca7b86ebf7262ddd27de1944a3b97a09b55"}