{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:GAAWKPBB3BN5PDVSL4BL4B435I","short_pith_number":"pith:GAAWKPBB","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2408.10202","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2024-08-19T17:57:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"532de1d98bc73c38db5e5173719dcf2522ea6cfbac664899f6271c518b3bea9c","abstract_canon_sha256":"304974ea133732f74dfd04fd3ee8e5284058614a8e071dade814964812414394"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3001653c21d85bd78eb25f02be079bea3b9817c8c3d35b4f4cf941a991561ce3","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2408.10202","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2408.10202","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2408.10202v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2408.10202","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GAAWKPBB3BN5","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GAAWKPBB3BN5PDVS","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GAAWKPBB","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:22Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:GAAWKPBB3BN5PDVSL4BL4B435I","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2408.10202","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2024-08-19T17:57:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"532de1d98bc73c38db5e5173719dcf2522ea6cfbac664899f6271c518b3bea9c","abstract_canon_sha256":"304974ea133732f74dfd04fd3ee8e5284058614a8e071dade814964812414394"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3001653c21d85bd78eb25f02be079bea3b9817c8c3d35b4f4cf941a991561ce3","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:22.897836Z","signature_b64":"sRgFoa1+k3tLIYyiX/4g/grz0YYq9BfQlIQWebN6I2sFJus7SMYbTu03mR7+orV/OAl2mzU7lP29lLEXxvT7AQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3001653c21d85bd78eb25f02be079bea3b9817c8c3d35b4f4cf941a991561ce3","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:22.897302Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:22.897302Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2408.10202","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:22Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5lmgjzqp97vBHXzh0eFW4+xoN2GJ8tQLVriLVt9vyYe8O6aIGLQheOUnHa95yNFbiIGaTgzNzTJe21F7QNu0DQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-09T06:01:39.812934Z"},"content_sha256":"906d65a1ed9a2954393696e8d68776f7cd80815e15bcad2f79fd70eb7fa124e4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:906d65a1ed9a2954393696e8d68776f7cd80815e15bcad2f79fd70eb7fa124e4"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:GAAWKPBB3BN5PDVSL4BL4B435I","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"SANER: Annotation-free Societal Attribute Neutralizer for Debiasing CLIP","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CV","authors_text":"Chien-Yi Wang, Min-Hung Chen, Ryo Hachiuma, Yu-Chiang Frank Wang, Yusuke Hirota, Yuta Nakashima","submitted_at":"2024-08-19T17:57:28Z","abstract_excerpt":"Large-scale vision-language models, such as CLIP, are known to contain societal bias regarding protected attributes (e.g., gender, age). This paper aims to address the problems of societal bias in CLIP. Although previous studies have proposed to debias societal bias through adversarial learning or test-time projecting, our comprehensive study of these works identifies two critical limitations: 1) loss of attribute information when it is explicitly disclosed in the input and 2) use of the attribute annotations during debiasing process. To mitigate societal bias in CLIP and overcome these limita"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2408.10202","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2408.10202/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:22Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"BSKQEjbJHxCYW+W5wBNP5qHfN4Uvu4z/HRvgjLS9RFbB9nfMhpyYBDOtxW6DBLNFz3DnCB+X6DDo1c1dEW4bDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-09T06:01:39.813337Z"},"content_sha256":"a698f2e3d4463d94308b25e48a9e6bd14422ffb60b967bd65d8c45530e5c3808","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a698f2e3d4463d94308b25e48a9e6bd14422ffb60b967bd65d8c45530e5c3808"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GAAWKPBB3BN5PDVSL4BL4B435I/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GAAWKPBB3BN5PDVSL4BL4B435I/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GAAWKPBB3BN5PDVSL4BL4B435I/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-09T06:01:39Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/GAAWKPBB3BN5PDVSL4BL4B435I","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/GAAWKPBB3BN5PDVSL4BL4B435I/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/GAAWKPBB3BN5PDVSL4BL4B435I/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GAAWKPBB3BN5PDVSL4BL4B435I/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:GAAWKPBB3BN5PDVSL4BL4B435I","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"304974ea133732f74dfd04fd3ee8e5284058614a8e071dade814964812414394","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2024-08-19T17:57:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"532de1d98bc73c38db5e5173719dcf2522ea6cfbac664899f6271c518b3bea9c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2408.10202","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2408.10202","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2408.10202v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2408.10202","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GAAWKPBB3BN5","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GAAWKPBB3BN5PDVS","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GAAWKPBB","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:22Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a698f2e3d4463d94308b25e48a9e6bd14422ffb60b967bd65d8c45530e5c3808","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:22Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2408.10202/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Large-scale vision-language models, such as CLIP, are known to contain societal bias regarding protected attributes (e.g., gender, age). This paper aims to address the problems of societal bias in CLIP. Although previous studies have proposed to debias societal bias through adversarial learning or test-time projecting, our comprehensive study of these works identifies two critical limitations: 1) loss of attribute information when it is explicitly disclosed in the input and 2) use of the attribute annotations during debiasing process. To mitigate societal bias in CLIP and overcome these limita","authors_text":"Chien-Yi Wang, Min-Hung Chen, Ryo Hachiuma, Yu-Chiang Frank Wang, Yusuke Hirota, Yuta Nakashima","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2024-08-19T17:57:28Z","title":"SANER: Annotation-free Societal Attribute Neutralizer for Debiasing CLIP"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2408.10202","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:906d65a1ed9a2954393696e8d68776f7cd80815e15bcad2f79fd70eb7fa124e4","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:22Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"304974ea133732f74dfd04fd3ee8e5284058614a8e071dade814964812414394","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2024-08-19T17:57:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"532de1d98bc73c38db5e5173719dcf2522ea6cfbac664899f6271c518b3bea9c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2408.10202","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"3001653c21d85bd78eb25f02be079bea3b9817c8c3d35b4f4cf941a991561ce3","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3001653c21d85bd78eb25f02be079bea3b9817c8c3d35b4f4cf941a991561ce3","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:22.897302Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:22.897302Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"sRgFoa1+k3tLIYyiX/4g/grz0YYq9BfQlIQWebN6I2sFJus7SMYbTu03mR7+orV/OAl2mzU7lP29lLEXxvT7AQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:22.897836Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2408.10202","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:906d65a1ed9a2954393696e8d68776f7cd80815e15bcad2f79fd70eb7fa124e4","sha256:a698f2e3d4463d94308b25e48a9e6bd14422ffb60b967bd65d8c45530e5c3808"],"state_sha256":"4d643d90619bf1782d16f85485931101a81a63c34a7e22544e972c3b07efa0fe"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"owXS/aiKoV80s9UKe3p/7UsYtdT7cN80nDDmWQKBiGP1vaYJTmCXWa1xSvwAviWO9dMGc9GC7eIlvMNu4EoJDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-09T06:01:39.815559Z","bundle_sha256":"4ab50617af43a41ae0d8804d2145c4bbf631b09bc6b633d8e0dba0a08b5c2406"}}