{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:GAG5EOGNIMCDYAMBHRKHFM5MLP","short_pith_number":"pith:GAG5EOGN","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2410.14021","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2024-10-17T20:48:37Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a7884715e6e40c7f36942a7cf7340d32214fe730052b138d63b995d9565b4fa3","abstract_canon_sha256":"fba1c11db07b37dcd8d90bb7a92b2ab21807f5b2686f7206d7dec0027209f288"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"300dd238cd43043c01813c5472b3ac5bcfc47af16350d4860736ac58727114a5","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2410.14021","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2410.14021","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:22:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2410.14021v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:22:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2410.14021","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:22:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GAG5EOGNIMCD","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:22:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GAG5EOGNIMCDYAMB","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:22:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GAG5EOGN","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:22:26Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:GAG5EOGNIMCDYAMBHRKHFM5MLP","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2410.14021","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2024-10-17T20:48:37Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a7884715e6e40c7f36942a7cf7340d32214fe730052b138d63b995d9565b4fa3","abstract_canon_sha256":"fba1c11db07b37dcd8d90bb7a92b2ab21807f5b2686f7206d7dec0027209f288"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"300dd238cd43043c01813c5472b3ac5bcfc47af16350d4860736ac58727114a5","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:22:26.005308Z","signature_b64":"/MBAI/zSDyfAJOyUt3kAXIgtNkjNfy7D5EVofPtNXH65TbyaqUMfG3xAJH/soSkOm5axG3jgxEujSLe/V2wYDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"300dd238cd43043c01813c5472b3ac5bcfc47af16350d4860736ac58727114a5","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:22:26.004925Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:22:26.004925Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2410.14021","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:22:26Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"E5bcbPeF3PxtmhvBfQZHVIPtSggG/abZSfG2Hz3d+R4SdC+vfoq59FlvQmCm7OTRv0In8B5/WQm+NQPkGe4YCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-22T08:50:04.116378Z"},"content_sha256":"066708d6f39d6c8efda90538bbbec2cd8fec31901565e9897c1bf083589df50b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:066708d6f39d6c8efda90538bbbec2cd8fec31901565e9897c1bf083589df50b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:GAG5EOGNIMCDYAMBHRKHFM5MLP","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Design and Evaluation of Deep Reinforcement Learning for Energy Saving in Open RAN","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.NI","authors_text":"Andrea Lacava, Francesca Cuomo, Manoj AnanthaSwamy Nittoor, Matteo Bordin, Michele Polese, Rajarajan Sivaraj, Sai Satish, Tommaso Melodia","submitted_at":"2024-10-17T20:48:37Z","abstract_excerpt":"Next-generation wireless systems, already widely deployed, are expected to become even more prevalent in the future, representing challenges in both environmental and economic terms. This paper focuses on improving the energy efficiency of intelligent and programmable Open Radio Access Network (RAN) systems through the near-real-time dynamic activation and deactivation of Base Station (BS) Radio Frequency (RF) frontends using Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms, i.e., Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) and Deep Q-Network (DQN). These algorithms run on the RAN Intelligent Controllers ("},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2410.14021","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2410.14021/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:22:26Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"BRI7YjIJGPSLSrodqHqvLE9+IuLQSBH1hd0CV9BW6wODgAcXQugnkfq0Od8kjHApVEnStCu+EDE5x8pOXEngAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-22T08:50:04.116751Z"},"content_sha256":"741d5376edf343bb00e96fb18d105634fe63dee34627f0244273111cd4c53512","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:741d5376edf343bb00e96fb18d105634fe63dee34627f0244273111cd4c53512"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GAG5EOGNIMCDYAMBHRKHFM5MLP/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GAG5EOGNIMCDYAMBHRKHFM5MLP/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GAG5EOGNIMCDYAMBHRKHFM5MLP/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-22T08:50:04Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/GAG5EOGNIMCDYAMBHRKHFM5MLP","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/GAG5EOGNIMCDYAMBHRKHFM5MLP/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/GAG5EOGNIMCDYAMBHRKHFM5MLP/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GAG5EOGNIMCDYAMBHRKHFM5MLP/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:GAG5EOGNIMCDYAMBHRKHFM5MLP","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fba1c11db07b37dcd8d90bb7a92b2ab21807f5b2686f7206d7dec0027209f288","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2024-10-17T20:48:37Z","title_canon_sha256":"a7884715e6e40c7f36942a7cf7340d32214fe730052b138d63b995d9565b4fa3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2410.14021","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2410.14021","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:22:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2410.14021v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:22:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2410.14021","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:22:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GAG5EOGNIMCD","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:22:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GAG5EOGNIMCDYAMB","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:22:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GAG5EOGN","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:22:26Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:741d5376edf343bb00e96fb18d105634fe63dee34627f0244273111cd4c53512","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:22:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2410.14021/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Next-generation wireless systems, already widely deployed, are expected to become even more prevalent in the future, representing challenges in both environmental and economic terms. This paper focuses on improving the energy efficiency of intelligent and programmable Open Radio Access Network (RAN) systems through the near-real-time dynamic activation and deactivation of Base Station (BS) Radio Frequency (RF) frontends using Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms, i.e., Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) and Deep Q-Network (DQN). These algorithms run on the RAN Intelligent Controllers (","authors_text":"Andrea Lacava, Francesca Cuomo, Manoj AnanthaSwamy Nittoor, Matteo Bordin, Michele Polese, Rajarajan Sivaraj, Sai Satish, Tommaso Melodia","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2024-10-17T20:48:37Z","title":"Design and Evaluation of Deep Reinforcement Learning for Energy Saving in Open RAN"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2410.14021","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:066708d6f39d6c8efda90538bbbec2cd8fec31901565e9897c1bf083589df50b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:22:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fba1c11db07b37dcd8d90bb7a92b2ab21807f5b2686f7206d7dec0027209f288","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2024-10-17T20:48:37Z","title_canon_sha256":"a7884715e6e40c7f36942a7cf7340d32214fe730052b138d63b995d9565b4fa3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2410.14021","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"300dd238cd43043c01813c5472b3ac5bcfc47af16350d4860736ac58727114a5","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"300dd238cd43043c01813c5472b3ac5bcfc47af16350d4860736ac58727114a5","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:22:26.004925Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:22:26.004925Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"/MBAI/zSDyfAJOyUt3kAXIgtNkjNfy7D5EVofPtNXH65TbyaqUMfG3xAJH/soSkOm5axG3jgxEujSLe/V2wYDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:22:26.005308Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2410.14021","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:066708d6f39d6c8efda90538bbbec2cd8fec31901565e9897c1bf083589df50b","sha256:741d5376edf343bb00e96fb18d105634fe63dee34627f0244273111cd4c53512"],"state_sha256":"fae13cd809f160f097dcb099cc636aa1036c8392a58bdf2c85ebc44d728c7510"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ppNzRa9obaWHdPykf8WYITZ2EBAg/ECggrB29jCoD/ZvBhpeFn8oAjWsFKEgf348KR6TuWlYmPLM5cyG8RzgDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-22T08:50:04.119964Z","bundle_sha256":"85f7ecb53b914529582aec2aff7ed1a0757a1fa2d8ff0686c4fba53f3525cfa8"}}