{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:GAHXUALIA3OVQSJY3SDQLSEV2M","short_pith_number":"pith:GAHXUALI","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2009.08000","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DS","submitted_at":"2020-09-17T01:15:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"91ab231b332dec38b0394f6eaee154a077a86c4a2ab25f63660d6dd2421fb6ff","abstract_canon_sha256":"a6c3bf70be33a1b9c29f83c85ea59169c5d60ed59bb4d482fb9eb695050bddf9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"300f7a016806dd584938dc8705c895d319dc73237dfea15f1e81fee97e614b8d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2009.08000","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2009.08000","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:56:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2009.08000v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:56:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2009.08000","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:56:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GAHXUALIA3OV","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:56:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GAHXUALIA3OVQSJY","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:56:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GAHXUALI","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:56:56Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:GAHXUALIA3OVQSJY3SDQLSEV2M","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2009.08000","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DS","submitted_at":"2020-09-17T01:15:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"91ab231b332dec38b0394f6eaee154a077a86c4a2ab25f63660d6dd2421fb6ff","abstract_canon_sha256":"a6c3bf70be33a1b9c29f83c85ea59169c5d60ed59bb4d482fb9eb695050bddf9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"300f7a016806dd584938dc8705c895d319dc73237dfea15f1e81fee97e614b8d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:56:56.082599Z","signature_b64":"JDkWLstwxtebCvPM6XT4SyQX9wux0aCQzwW70x0XFyXb35K7zHgFJkbhKxVQujEquaXm137S7AV5MDABFrcvDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"300f7a016806dd584938dc8705c895d319dc73237dfea15f1e81fee97e614b8d","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:56:56.082187Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:56:56.082187Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2009.08000","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:56:56Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"RXJuqX8IM/xsTcSPXEZGkCkq92ZwV0KX2mT37RNezr8fTnOaFPgGjDAyZkmfcsCaajLu6WfrHz3okxlxjWrcCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T18:53:26.999855Z"},"content_sha256":"59c6198080472595268d93d022e119074cec95e25974e2d2f9ca56dd058d136e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:59c6198080472595268d93d022e119074cec95e25974e2d2f9ca56dd058d136e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:GAHXUALIA3OVQSJY3SDQLSEV2M","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The Limits of Pan Privacy and Shuffle Privacy for Learning and Estimation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CR","cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.DS","authors_text":"Albert Cheu, Jonathan Ullman","submitted_at":"2020-09-17T01:15:55Z","abstract_excerpt":"There has been a recent wave of interest in intermediate trust models for differential privacy that eliminate the need for a fully trusted central data collector, but overcome the limitations of local differential privacy. This interest has led to the introduction of the shuffle model (Cheu et al., EUROCRYPT 2019; Erlingsson et al., SODA 2019) and revisiting the pan-private model (Dwork et al., ITCS 2010). The message of this line of work is that, for a variety of low-dimensional problems -- such as counts, means, and histograms -- these intermediate models offer nearly as much power as centra"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2009.08000","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2009.08000/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:56:56Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jebPycNuf2GVcDBnuorpO3HGmD1x5m0h7cvrXzKci1uOE6NrNRAyTv+5LDWQg8p3wxgd+FKoKwBGlnwAN+9rAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T18:53:27.000437Z"},"content_sha256":"06fda546d872f6d05638cfb5d5f1f9be737e21bb4ed2467c88d467c360d2e835","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:06fda546d872f6d05638cfb5d5f1f9be737e21bb4ed2467c88d467c360d2e835"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GAHXUALIA3OVQSJY3SDQLSEV2M/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GAHXUALIA3OVQSJY3SDQLSEV2M/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GAHXUALIA3OVQSJY3SDQLSEV2M/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-08T18:53:27Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/GAHXUALIA3OVQSJY3SDQLSEV2M","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/GAHXUALIA3OVQSJY3SDQLSEV2M/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/GAHXUALIA3OVQSJY3SDQLSEV2M/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GAHXUALIA3OVQSJY3SDQLSEV2M/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:GAHXUALIA3OVQSJY3SDQLSEV2M","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a6c3bf70be33a1b9c29f83c85ea59169c5d60ed59bb4d482fb9eb695050bddf9","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DS","submitted_at":"2020-09-17T01:15:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"91ab231b332dec38b0394f6eaee154a077a86c4a2ab25f63660d6dd2421fb6ff"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2009.08000","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2009.08000","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:56:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2009.08000v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:56:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2009.08000","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:56:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GAHXUALIA3OV","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:56:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GAHXUALIA3OVQSJY","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:56:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GAHXUALI","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:56:56Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:06fda546d872f6d05638cfb5d5f1f9be737e21bb4ed2467c88d467c360d2e835","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:56:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2009.08000/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"There has been a recent wave of interest in intermediate trust models for differential privacy that eliminate the need for a fully trusted central data collector, but overcome the limitations of local differential privacy. This interest has led to the introduction of the shuffle model (Cheu et al., EUROCRYPT 2019; Erlingsson et al., SODA 2019) and revisiting the pan-private model (Dwork et al., ITCS 2010). The message of this line of work is that, for a variety of low-dimensional problems -- such as counts, means, and histograms -- these intermediate models offer nearly as much power as centra","authors_text":"Albert Cheu, Jonathan Ullman","cross_cats":["cs.CR","cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DS","submitted_at":"2020-09-17T01:15:55Z","title":"The Limits of Pan Privacy and Shuffle Privacy for Learning and Estimation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2009.08000","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:59c6198080472595268d93d022e119074cec95e25974e2d2f9ca56dd058d136e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:56:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a6c3bf70be33a1b9c29f83c85ea59169c5d60ed59bb4d482fb9eb695050bddf9","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DS","submitted_at":"2020-09-17T01:15:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"91ab231b332dec38b0394f6eaee154a077a86c4a2ab25f63660d6dd2421fb6ff"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2009.08000","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"300f7a016806dd584938dc8705c895d319dc73237dfea15f1e81fee97e614b8d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"300f7a016806dd584938dc8705c895d319dc73237dfea15f1e81fee97e614b8d","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:56:56.082187Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:56:56.082187Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"JDkWLstwxtebCvPM6XT4SyQX9wux0aCQzwW70x0XFyXb35K7zHgFJkbhKxVQujEquaXm137S7AV5MDABFrcvDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:56:56.082599Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2009.08000","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:59c6198080472595268d93d022e119074cec95e25974e2d2f9ca56dd058d136e","sha256:06fda546d872f6d05638cfb5d5f1f9be737e21bb4ed2467c88d467c360d2e835"],"state_sha256":"d03ba989b719aa36b66c83c66196427911646bcbcceb52a728c3ce48e432e2d5"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IduXhf+jwNcGJPZGsEOqgtF0mtDCzOHTvX6Jo6oYWI05tgHPIVzGF/Uzo8dgCYyUGzziVZ1486JTRHQLpdR6Bg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T18:53:27.008811Z","bundle_sha256":"30659552fd1aba37f9712418b3ddeefd5985f7032521093b196c7ae182a1882d"}}