{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:GBL3KIIBFI7SQ7J73BGEMPAZSX","short_pith_number":"pith:GBL3KIIB","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2402.09471","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-02-12T08:38:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.ao-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"fa5c87ed0a1e427d40009ef9836ae8cb9fb3e002a500d2aeea0eed7648b1d503","abstract_canon_sha256":"29513080e4f38335bc43125d2ad4fe83195c49d0259612478109124e1bbbfed8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3057b521012a3f287d3fd84c463c1995d8830ecb2a42a961b1e365d403b332f1","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2402.09471","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2402.09471","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2402.09471v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2402.09471","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GBL3KIIBFI7S","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GBL3KIIBFI7SQ7J7","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GBL3KIIB","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:34Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:GBL3KIIBFI7SQ7J73BGEMPAZSX","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2402.09471","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-02-12T08:38:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.ao-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"fa5c87ed0a1e427d40009ef9836ae8cb9fb3e002a500d2aeea0eed7648b1d503","abstract_canon_sha256":"29513080e4f38335bc43125d2ad4fe83195c49d0259612478109124e1bbbfed8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3057b521012a3f287d3fd84c463c1995d8830ecb2a42a961b1e365d403b332f1","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:34.194458Z","signature_b64":"FB6rPyMmirb0qkTsFrtZOQKYEXQ6InCk4JMzs7sIqv+R0I0uOdkMcLunv/fHghMkEOTLU0DV3LwSPQVx8XTVAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3057b521012a3f287d3fd84c463c1995d8830ecb2a42a961b1e365d403b332f1","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:34.193976Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:34.193976Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2402.09471","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:34Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"XWV0wIBSloWS9pqXMfZK6Hcrd6MXZIxqWfPL1UiZaMrZ7Ot+yhIeCDN1MOyd9ZeDRChyAoEDnKMfSobjocgxDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-20T11:50:08.421661Z"},"content_sha256":"31626b44e81e3650520dbc58e5344fce07088eb9e8eddc6ee602bf914794952f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:31626b44e81e3650520dbc58e5344fce07088eb9e8eddc6ee602bf914794952f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:GBL3KIIBFI7SQ7J73BGEMPAZSX","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Machine Learning for Stochastic Parametrisation","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.ao-ph"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Greta Miller, Hannah M. Christensen, Raghul Parthipan, Salah Kouhen","submitted_at":"2024-02-12T08:38:53Z","abstract_excerpt":"Atmospheric models used for weather and climate prediction are traditionally formulated in a deterministic manner. In other words, given a particular state of the resolved scale variables, the most likely forcing from the sub-grid scale processes is estimated and used to predict the evolution of the large-scale flow. However, the lack of scale-separation in the atmosphere means that this approach is a large source of error in forecasts. Over recent years, an alternative paradigm has developed: the use of stochastic techniques to characterise uncertainty in small-scale processes. These techniqu"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2402.09471","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2402.09471/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:34Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"UcW+vi3ZOSnRV7Gj7zn9Pm5bxb3TLO5tT2gHqkx5kn9dmAETNC4VT/TyRboran9/Uv2ctxUhKbp20OMOJdJ1BQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-20T11:50:08.422174Z"},"content_sha256":"d69643cdd7f2f54abe72c97c061bf8190810c2350a5db181097b2ae4a3f8a5aa","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d69643cdd7f2f54abe72c97c061bf8190810c2350a5db181097b2ae4a3f8a5aa"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GBL3KIIBFI7SQ7J73BGEMPAZSX/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GBL3KIIBFI7SQ7J73BGEMPAZSX/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GBL3KIIBFI7SQ7J73BGEMPAZSX/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-20T11:50:08Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/GBL3KIIBFI7SQ7J73BGEMPAZSX","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/GBL3KIIBFI7SQ7J73BGEMPAZSX/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/GBL3KIIBFI7SQ7J73BGEMPAZSX/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GBL3KIIBFI7SQ7J73BGEMPAZSX/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:GBL3KIIBFI7SQ7J73BGEMPAZSX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"29513080e4f38335bc43125d2ad4fe83195c49d0259612478109124e1bbbfed8","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.ao-ph"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-02-12T08:38:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"fa5c87ed0a1e427d40009ef9836ae8cb9fb3e002a500d2aeea0eed7648b1d503"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2402.09471","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2402.09471","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2402.09471v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2402.09471","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GBL3KIIBFI7S","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GBL3KIIBFI7SQ7J7","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GBL3KIIB","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:34Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d69643cdd7f2f54abe72c97c061bf8190810c2350a5db181097b2ae4a3f8a5aa","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:34Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2402.09471/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Atmospheric models used for weather and climate prediction are traditionally formulated in a deterministic manner. In other words, given a particular state of the resolved scale variables, the most likely forcing from the sub-grid scale processes is estimated and used to predict the evolution of the large-scale flow. However, the lack of scale-separation in the atmosphere means that this approach is a large source of error in forecasts. Over recent years, an alternative paradigm has developed: the use of stochastic techniques to characterise uncertainty in small-scale processes. These techniqu","authors_text":"Greta Miller, Hannah M. Christensen, Raghul Parthipan, Salah Kouhen","cross_cats":["physics.ao-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-02-12T08:38:53Z","title":"Machine Learning for Stochastic Parametrisation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2402.09471","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:31626b44e81e3650520dbc58e5344fce07088eb9e8eddc6ee602bf914794952f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:34Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"29513080e4f38335bc43125d2ad4fe83195c49d0259612478109124e1bbbfed8","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.ao-ph"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-02-12T08:38:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"fa5c87ed0a1e427d40009ef9836ae8cb9fb3e002a500d2aeea0eed7648b1d503"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2402.09471","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"3057b521012a3f287d3fd84c463c1995d8830ecb2a42a961b1e365d403b332f1","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3057b521012a3f287d3fd84c463c1995d8830ecb2a42a961b1e365d403b332f1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:34.193976Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:34.193976Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"FB6rPyMmirb0qkTsFrtZOQKYEXQ6InCk4JMzs7sIqv+R0I0uOdkMcLunv/fHghMkEOTLU0DV3LwSPQVx8XTVAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:45:34.194458Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2402.09471","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:31626b44e81e3650520dbc58e5344fce07088eb9e8eddc6ee602bf914794952f","sha256:d69643cdd7f2f54abe72c97c061bf8190810c2350a5db181097b2ae4a3f8a5aa"],"state_sha256":"40da917d374ba88ee72e90fef36f3330f6eba6d7b058939cf56bde78256249fe"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nKCRlNJUouRUbfKpDr5S2HdJjMEn+vhNkT+Y60sAQ5CyxWDfOnrhG4vjobPcq/bia/0nASecaInKZQfQJwzQAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-20T11:50:08.430430Z","bundle_sha256":"46f152f64f206ef5c87f9ee41747f03e6fecbcf9176a26cc19eca0fe5850a970"}}