{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1999:GBSPXCKVKBOW45ONV4DS36C4DK","short_pith_number":"pith:GBSPXCKV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"gr-qc/9901024","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"1999-01-08T14:02:35Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2b5ca6a5d19e594dd7118b76c294af0c3f193880b11a3900d1b071a2ee7cf1ee","abstract_canon_sha256":"dcb44ff1b1e6a1ea8c33425b3f41976e8001de0d78fb5da81725340b0f3ca77f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3064fb8955505d6e75cdaf072df85c1a95dec6a33f1b09a82a2ff6ad1f76e991","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"gr-qc/9901024","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"gr-qc/9901024","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:26:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"gr-qc/9901024v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:26:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.gr-qc/9901024","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:26:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GBSPXCKVKBOW","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:26:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GBSPXCKVKBOW45ON","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:26:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GBSPXCKV","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:26:14Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:1999:GBSPXCKVKBOW45ONV4DS36C4DK","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"gr-qc/9901024","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"1999-01-08T14:02:35Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2b5ca6a5d19e594dd7118b76c294af0c3f193880b11a3900d1b071a2ee7cf1ee","abstract_canon_sha256":"dcb44ff1b1e6a1ea8c33425b3f41976e8001de0d78fb5da81725340b0f3ca77f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3064fb8955505d6e75cdaf072df85c1a95dec6a33f1b09a82a2ff6ad1f76e991","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T14:26:14.815241Z","signature_b64":"c/oTGtUuZoGqDggLw55x5zkEbeAKOA9dKGhXNlDNaH7GnY/LCkfroqTUBRaEPB4NoOVbu5ZxtpcnzPq6tJURDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3064fb8955505d6e75cdaf072df85c1a95dec6a33f1b09a82a2ff6ad1f76e991","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T14:26:14.814909Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T14:26:14.814909Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"gr-qc/9901024","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T14:26:14Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vk5svn+xIuT1eTrmQKES8CXOPD8tsRn4t7Ub8/29VmU28F+1wDWgTVSQqn1A/pIFOhAfj6IikoHJz/ixNxb+BQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T01:20:17.773062Z"},"content_sha256":"a4ae0729f34f0beeb76b0a2a319fdcb9771703a42bbe5b2ce06913a4e5bb2948","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a4ae0729f34f0beeb76b0a2a319fdcb9771703a42bbe5b2ce06913a4e5bb2948"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:1999:GBSPXCKVKBOW45ONV4DS36C4DK","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"On the Emergence of Time in Quantum Gravity","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"C.J.Isham, J. Butterfield","submitted_at":"1999-01-08T14:02:35Z","abstract_excerpt":"We discuss from a philosophical perspective the way in which the normal concept of time might be said to `emerge' in a quantum theory of gravity. After an introduction, we briefly discuss the notion of emergence, without regard to time (Section 2). We then introduce the search for a quantum theory of gravity (Section 3); and review some general interpretative issues about space, time and matter Section 4). We then discuss the emergence of time in simple quantum geometrodynamics, and in the Euclidean approach (Section 5). Section 6 concludes."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"gr-qc/9901024","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/gr-qc/9901024/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T14:26:14Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MXymjkuOcBEuNJCgdbzB6UokXrfZVIfmlu3AKvkc6pqdAWkrKb+JxVsxxgHmRMXNQEHPQqh/6zozPpvcklxXCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T01:20:17.773592Z"},"content_sha256":"c7177d7ca6b0daaa17990b87a3b66cf04ecd2400314b806ed00d75a514b4cff0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c7177d7ca6b0daaa17990b87a3b66cf04ecd2400314b806ed00d75a514b4cff0"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GBSPXCKVKBOW45ONV4DS36C4DK/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GBSPXCKVKBOW45ONV4DS36C4DK/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GBSPXCKVKBOW45ONV4DS36C4DK/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-13T01:20:17Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/GBSPXCKVKBOW45ONV4DS36C4DK","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/GBSPXCKVKBOW45ONV4DS36C4DK/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/GBSPXCKVKBOW45ONV4DS36C4DK/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GBSPXCKVKBOW45ONV4DS36C4DK/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1999:GBSPXCKVKBOW45ONV4DS36C4DK","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dcb44ff1b1e6a1ea8c33425b3f41976e8001de0d78fb5da81725340b0f3ca77f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"1999-01-08T14:02:35Z","title_canon_sha256":"2b5ca6a5d19e594dd7118b76c294af0c3f193880b11a3900d1b071a2ee7cf1ee"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"gr-qc/9901024","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"gr-qc/9901024","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:26:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"gr-qc/9901024v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:26:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.gr-qc/9901024","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:26:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GBSPXCKVKBOW","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:26:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GBSPXCKVKBOW45ON","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:26:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GBSPXCKV","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:26:14Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c7177d7ca6b0daaa17990b87a3b66cf04ecd2400314b806ed00d75a514b4cff0","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:26:14Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/gr-qc/9901024/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We discuss from a philosophical perspective the way in which the normal concept of time might be said to `emerge' in a quantum theory of gravity. After an introduction, we briefly discuss the notion of emergence, without regard to time (Section 2). We then introduce the search for a quantum theory of gravity (Section 3); and review some general interpretative issues about space, time and matter Section 4). We then discuss the emergence of time in simple quantum geometrodynamics, and in the Euclidean approach (Section 5). Section 6 concludes.","authors_text":"C.J.Isham, J. Butterfield","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"1999-01-08T14:02:35Z","title":"On the Emergence of Time in Quantum Gravity"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"gr-qc/9901024","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a4ae0729f34f0beeb76b0a2a319fdcb9771703a42bbe5b2ce06913a4e5bb2948","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:26:14Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dcb44ff1b1e6a1ea8c33425b3f41976e8001de0d78fb5da81725340b0f3ca77f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"1999-01-08T14:02:35Z","title_canon_sha256":"2b5ca6a5d19e594dd7118b76c294af0c3f193880b11a3900d1b071a2ee7cf1ee"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"gr-qc/9901024","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"3064fb8955505d6e75cdaf072df85c1a95dec6a33f1b09a82a2ff6ad1f76e991","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3064fb8955505d6e75cdaf072df85c1a95dec6a33f1b09a82a2ff6ad1f76e991","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T14:26:14.814909Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T14:26:14.814909Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"c/oTGtUuZoGqDggLw55x5zkEbeAKOA9dKGhXNlDNaH7GnY/LCkfroqTUBRaEPB4NoOVbu5ZxtpcnzPq6tJURDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T14:26:14.815241Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"gr-qc/9901024","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a4ae0729f34f0beeb76b0a2a319fdcb9771703a42bbe5b2ce06913a4e5bb2948","sha256:c7177d7ca6b0daaa17990b87a3b66cf04ecd2400314b806ed00d75a514b4cff0"],"state_sha256":"a0e97c62d625f4a1c0014cf23e4904b693e175998ef9f638dd88ab82dedad087"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zNuJLLikwe0yfcFYeuzHQlJoKB+ADMD8RN8ZrX/zqaC3ey540KI06GxEcDTnaS7mkZu3EdtUA22w6rmhU8otBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T01:20:17.777770Z","bundle_sha256":"eb442cb1c66e584876f2ca58d62d19f00e7eceaee5ac904856e9bd0aa3975416"}}