{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:GCM4YA4SWTBINXHEMZTPTUWEXF","short_pith_number":"pith:GCM4YA4S","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2404.14309","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2024-04-22T16:10:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"e2a41731888f56b1ab3c8033f3768e3da0cd77203151438e495598d94a0f359f","abstract_canon_sha256":"9f31ec9f148e02f40169a652f716b45945168b753966bcb596cfede6609cbb5c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3099cc0392b4c286dce46666f9d2c4b96a33d4d8331006102d11d4de939cddfc","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2404.14309","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2404.14309","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:44:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2404.14309v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:44:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2404.14309","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:44:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GCM4YA4SWTBI","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:44:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GCM4YA4SWTBINXHE","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:44:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GCM4YA4S","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:44:37Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:GCM4YA4SWTBINXHEMZTPTUWEXF","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2404.14309","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2024-04-22T16:10:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"e2a41731888f56b1ab3c8033f3768e3da0cd77203151438e495598d94a0f359f","abstract_canon_sha256":"9f31ec9f148e02f40169a652f716b45945168b753966bcb596cfede6609cbb5c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3099cc0392b4c286dce46666f9d2c4b96a33d4d8331006102d11d4de939cddfc","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:44:37.210727Z","signature_b64":"oZepHWhkE8yhS99egRQ42zED9OiiP/61xIZtMhS+tVEFJEJqHRHWU0mLWljF8V9rgRS7oTX0LlmP5Bn300AOCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3099cc0392b4c286dce46666f9d2c4b96a33d4d8331006102d11d4de939cddfc","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:44:37.210056Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:44:37.210056Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2404.14309","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:44:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gUgrKbDprXTuzknD+YK1nTbiDqFPUAllj0sE51g49P2PwAQyfSPY3Uwci4m0cIVHSx4xiH0ghv24pJON98ZJDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-11T16:44:12.099323Z"},"content_sha256":"eeb422706bb1d45f87f8e195b7d90d101bd8a34e61c0c0370ccfc48a49efee05","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:eeb422706bb1d45f87f8e195b7d90d101bd8a34e61c0c0370ccfc48a49efee05"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:GCM4YA4SWTBINXHEMZTPTUWEXF","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Towards Understanding the Robustness of Diffusion-Based Purification: A Stochastic Perspective","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CV","authors_text":"Kezhao Liu, Liang Lin, Pengxu Wei, Xiaogang Xu, Yao Xiao, Yiming Liu, ZiYi Dong","submitted_at":"2024-04-22T16:10:38Z","abstract_excerpt":"Diffusion-Based Purification (DBP) has emerged as an effective defense mechanism against adversarial attacks. The success of DBP is often attributed to the forward diffusion process, which reduces the distribution gap between clean and adversarial images by adding Gaussian noise. While this explanation is theoretically sound, the exact role of this mechanism in enhancing robustness remains unclear. In this paper, through empirical analysis, we propose that the intrinsic stochasticity in the DBP process is the primary factor driving robustness. To test this hypothesis, we introduce a novel Dete"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2404.14309","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2404.14309/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:44:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"iqGAvAUzyu38r32ivbCw0VSP6XVn6j+Nk2a6f1q1V7g4ocEFWi14/hrMGq2jscmh2y2eiBUDqR7g0bfGnF0DAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-11T16:44:12.099704Z"},"content_sha256":"51e9f3fa6952c062964c6ff6bac88fbfcce809aa12058c7b834edd5eeb9ee3e3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:51e9f3fa6952c062964c6ff6bac88fbfcce809aa12058c7b834edd5eeb9ee3e3"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GCM4YA4SWTBINXHEMZTPTUWEXF/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GCM4YA4SWTBINXHEMZTPTUWEXF/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GCM4YA4SWTBINXHEMZTPTUWEXF/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-11T16:44:12Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/GCM4YA4SWTBINXHEMZTPTUWEXF","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/GCM4YA4SWTBINXHEMZTPTUWEXF/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/GCM4YA4SWTBINXHEMZTPTUWEXF/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GCM4YA4SWTBINXHEMZTPTUWEXF/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:GCM4YA4SWTBINXHEMZTPTUWEXF","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9f31ec9f148e02f40169a652f716b45945168b753966bcb596cfede6609cbb5c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2024-04-22T16:10:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"e2a41731888f56b1ab3c8033f3768e3da0cd77203151438e495598d94a0f359f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2404.14309","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2404.14309","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:44:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2404.14309v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:44:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2404.14309","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:44:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GCM4YA4SWTBI","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:44:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GCM4YA4SWTBINXHE","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:44:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GCM4YA4S","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:44:37Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:51e9f3fa6952c062964c6ff6bac88fbfcce809aa12058c7b834edd5eeb9ee3e3","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:44:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2404.14309/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Diffusion-Based Purification (DBP) has emerged as an effective defense mechanism against adversarial attacks. The success of DBP is often attributed to the forward diffusion process, which reduces the distribution gap between clean and adversarial images by adding Gaussian noise. While this explanation is theoretically sound, the exact role of this mechanism in enhancing robustness remains unclear. In this paper, through empirical analysis, we propose that the intrinsic stochasticity in the DBP process is the primary factor driving robustness. To test this hypothesis, we introduce a novel Dete","authors_text":"Kezhao Liu, Liang Lin, Pengxu Wei, Xiaogang Xu, Yao Xiao, Yiming Liu, ZiYi Dong","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2024-04-22T16:10:38Z","title":"Towards Understanding the Robustness of Diffusion-Based Purification: A Stochastic Perspective"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2404.14309","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:eeb422706bb1d45f87f8e195b7d90d101bd8a34e61c0c0370ccfc48a49efee05","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:44:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9f31ec9f148e02f40169a652f716b45945168b753966bcb596cfede6609cbb5c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2024-04-22T16:10:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"e2a41731888f56b1ab3c8033f3768e3da0cd77203151438e495598d94a0f359f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2404.14309","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"3099cc0392b4c286dce46666f9d2c4b96a33d4d8331006102d11d4de939cddfc","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3099cc0392b4c286dce46666f9d2c4b96a33d4d8331006102d11d4de939cddfc","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:44:37.210056Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:44:37.210056Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"oZepHWhkE8yhS99egRQ42zED9OiiP/61xIZtMhS+tVEFJEJqHRHWU0mLWljF8V9rgRS7oTX0LlmP5Bn300AOCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:44:37.210727Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2404.14309","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:eeb422706bb1d45f87f8e195b7d90d101bd8a34e61c0c0370ccfc48a49efee05","sha256:51e9f3fa6952c062964c6ff6bac88fbfcce809aa12058c7b834edd5eeb9ee3e3"],"state_sha256":"495ccabe8e88fa93473d55a4db3eff6b5b51f264c72cf1e06e9a9f05c98d67c8"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pKJyNjWYcrW9iY7k+8fbnf19wgZZ31hHU39D1rmLBDl4w9LBLplulUhQYFqlTh478Or19L6dpO9lSRh73LDlDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-11T16:44:12.101934Z","bundle_sha256":"df75fcd5b5bdcfd566c18458af483e475156f549e362084725f8b212cd103010"}}