{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:GD226NULWLTG4OUKEYIO3M4OGM","short_pith_number":"pith:GD226NUL","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2404.00474","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-03-30T20:47:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CL","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"ac8e4a34eca49d0d1aa592730d55d16483a8aacc52b3d05f258c763fcd03f27d","abstract_canon_sha256":"d48b842560e07f026967a9dfcdd40956bca80ab43d9c1def4d778a90016ff794"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"30f5af368bb2e66e3a8a2610edb38e3337f935ae937b8d22993f45610ae8eb7a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2404.00474","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2404.00474","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:27:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2404.00474v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:27:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2404.00474","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:27:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GD226NULWLTG","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:27:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GD226NULWLTG4OUK","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:27:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GD226NUL","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:27:25Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:GD226NULWLTG4OUKEYIO3M4OGM","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2404.00474","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-03-30T20:47:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CL","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"ac8e4a34eca49d0d1aa592730d55d16483a8aacc52b3d05f258c763fcd03f27d","abstract_canon_sha256":"d48b842560e07f026967a9dfcdd40956bca80ab43d9c1def4d778a90016ff794"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"30f5af368bb2e66e3a8a2610edb38e3337f935ae937b8d22993f45610ae8eb7a","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:27:25.658541Z","signature_b64":"T/cdjkRLlURwavzNbBehHhxvtygm7F0kZ4DbKe1I4FhwHJHx5ebx4vIkWQS5/Ae9QRHa3RFT8HjbDFgZhif1Cw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"30f5af368bb2e66e3a8a2610edb38e3337f935ae937b8d22993f45610ae8eb7a","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:27:25.658040Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:27:25.658040Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2404.00474","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:27:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"a7bKRJqW1w5aWVRhcWNwkbV1Z7qJruiCDmBsI7aSnaO+XiG7qSsQSIEmlGCstu3E5hHrCGiSAcxmhg7Q6p+sAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T03:11:20.407576Z"},"content_sha256":"9dec24d295fd836a91a8a3f67deba165b88f5fc9177a70ade648037c343f3ad0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9dec24d295fd836a91a8a3f67deba165b88f5fc9177a70ade648037c343f3ad0"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:GD226NULWLTG4OUKEYIO3M4OGM","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Linguistic Calibration of Long-Form Generations","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CL","stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Neil Band, Tatsunori Hashimoto, Tengyu Ma, Xuechen Li","submitted_at":"2024-03-30T20:47:55Z","abstract_excerpt":"Language models (LMs) may lead their users to make suboptimal downstream decisions when they confidently hallucinate. This issue can be mitigated by having the LM verbally convey the probability that its claims are correct, but existing models cannot produce long-form text with calibrated confidence statements. Through the lens of decision-making, we define linguistic calibration for long-form generations: an LM is linguistically calibrated if its generations enable its users to make calibrated probabilistic predictions. This definition enables a training framework where a supervised finetunin"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2404.00474","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2404.00474/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:27:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Th0m+chIiP/so4kj9pVcSW+j39xBspSYzb1PphDY7A6Ley3OCVnZjNocEVHDuIw2F5cUI9WCQnQ+VHOxofAmCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T03:11:20.408233Z"},"content_sha256":"c46ad6304df21ed1a57c5c45b05e7f90ecfcde0baf99d80d4fafccfbe82281e7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c46ad6304df21ed1a57c5c45b05e7f90ecfcde0baf99d80d4fafccfbe82281e7"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GD226NULWLTG4OUKEYIO3M4OGM/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GD226NULWLTG4OUKEYIO3M4OGM/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GD226NULWLTG4OUKEYIO3M4OGM/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-13T03:11:20Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/GD226NULWLTG4OUKEYIO3M4OGM","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/GD226NULWLTG4OUKEYIO3M4OGM/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/GD226NULWLTG4OUKEYIO3M4OGM/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GD226NULWLTG4OUKEYIO3M4OGM/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:GD226NULWLTG4OUKEYIO3M4OGM","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d48b842560e07f026967a9dfcdd40956bca80ab43d9c1def4d778a90016ff794","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CL","stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-03-30T20:47:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"ac8e4a34eca49d0d1aa592730d55d16483a8aacc52b3d05f258c763fcd03f27d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2404.00474","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2404.00474","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:27:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2404.00474v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:27:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2404.00474","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:27:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GD226NULWLTG","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:27:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GD226NULWLTG4OUK","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:27:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GD226NUL","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:27:25Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c46ad6304df21ed1a57c5c45b05e7f90ecfcde0baf99d80d4fafccfbe82281e7","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:27:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2404.00474/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Language models (LMs) may lead their users to make suboptimal downstream decisions when they confidently hallucinate. This issue can be mitigated by having the LM verbally convey the probability that its claims are correct, but existing models cannot produce long-form text with calibrated confidence statements. Through the lens of decision-making, we define linguistic calibration for long-form generations: an LM is linguistically calibrated if its generations enable its users to make calibrated probabilistic predictions. This definition enables a training framework where a supervised finetunin","authors_text":"Neil Band, Tatsunori Hashimoto, Tengyu Ma, Xuechen Li","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CL","stat.ML"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-03-30T20:47:55Z","title":"Linguistic Calibration of Long-Form Generations"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2404.00474","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:9dec24d295fd836a91a8a3f67deba165b88f5fc9177a70ade648037c343f3ad0","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:27:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d48b842560e07f026967a9dfcdd40956bca80ab43d9c1def4d778a90016ff794","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CL","stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-03-30T20:47:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"ac8e4a34eca49d0d1aa592730d55d16483a8aacc52b3d05f258c763fcd03f27d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2404.00474","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"30f5af368bb2e66e3a8a2610edb38e3337f935ae937b8d22993f45610ae8eb7a","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"30f5af368bb2e66e3a8a2610edb38e3337f935ae937b8d22993f45610ae8eb7a","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:27:25.658040Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:27:25.658040Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"T/cdjkRLlURwavzNbBehHhxvtygm7F0kZ4DbKe1I4FhwHJHx5ebx4vIkWQS5/Ae9QRHa3RFT8HjbDFgZhif1Cw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:27:25.658541Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2404.00474","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:9dec24d295fd836a91a8a3f67deba165b88f5fc9177a70ade648037c343f3ad0","sha256:c46ad6304df21ed1a57c5c45b05e7f90ecfcde0baf99d80d4fafccfbe82281e7"],"state_sha256":"0c6d661ae2e06c6ddec3b4161befe41dea83e504b9e3113a895f2258c4e94059"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"JE3IfsWik42h8eNJh/j8I4hVM7FFku3mydGHi7GsfI2FwdhWDHOuv/lb/2HBDa3C57D6Srd8cHpH/Zfl21ezCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T03:11:20.412034Z","bundle_sha256":"a92f54c55fce0792dde5ca046cd0c118fb767a3c69ef52c6490daa235b7eb619"}}