{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2009:GDCMNZRJ4BJPACHE5GWFVYPVGV","short_pith_number":"pith:GDCMNZRJ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0906.4139","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2009-06-22T22:21:18Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"e1554eac77fa56bb713216ef9a382ea522ab5f132f8ecdc71502ab9dbf59b746","abstract_canon_sha256":"1c385076730c555ac58a53276fea415c2d464275512d5a2eb7cc50f93325a4ac"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"30c4c6e629e052f008e4e9ac5ae1f53567de6ec1cffaeb928f7367065567c416","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"0906.4139","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0906.4139","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:24:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0906.4139v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:24:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0906.4139","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:24:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GDCMNZRJ4BJP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GDCMNZRJ4BJPACHE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GDCMNZRJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:59Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2009:GDCMNZRJ4BJPACHE5GWFVYPVGV","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0906.4139","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2009-06-22T22:21:18Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"e1554eac77fa56bb713216ef9a382ea522ab5f132f8ecdc71502ab9dbf59b746","abstract_canon_sha256":"1c385076730c555ac58a53276fea415c2d464275512d5a2eb7cc50f93325a4ac"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"30c4c6e629e052f008e4e9ac5ae1f53567de6ec1cffaeb928f7367065567c416","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:24:43.991097Z","signature_b64":"dU1wtbzLxR2B/csM7/2N6/RgNUhCNoU62/pVQBCvmlRA6/6nAnwTq1lAeGnDOV+TnDcTC8SgyAtY+hrYxy7hCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"30c4c6e629e052f008e4e9ac5ae1f53567de6ec1cffaeb928f7367065567c416","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:24:43.990721Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:24:43.990721Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"0906.4139","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:24:43Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"LEYCIaBBmke0V/mPuyj7OnOuxcTVtFPmeYqGJicvVawNwO2vanGch3rR4+iwT1FLz517rb7u3tnym58ZZayhBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T15:01:19.829196Z"},"content_sha256":"871c60697d17ae44465ab99c688c673586cc3bc5db6825cec4bd7b4930ce4ab1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:871c60697d17ae44465ab99c688c673586cc3bc5db6825cec4bd7b4930ce4ab1"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2009:GDCMNZRJ4BJPACHE5GWFVYPVGV","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Accelerating cosmology in Rastall's theory","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["gr-qc"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Matteo Luca Ruggiero, Monica Capone, Vincenzo Fabrizio Cardone","submitted_at":"2009-06-22T22:21:18Z","abstract_excerpt":"In an attempt to look for a viable mechanism leading to a present-day accelerated expansion, we investigate the possibility that the observed cosmic speed up may be recovered in the framework of the Rastall's theory, relying on the non-conservativity of the stress-energy tensor, i.e. $T^{\\mu}_{\\nu ; \\mu} \\neq 0$. We derive the modified Friedmann equations and show that they correspond to Cardassian-like equations. We also show that, under suitable assumptions on the equation of state of the matter term sourcing the gravitational field, it is indeed possible to get an accelerated expansion, in "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0906.4139","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:24:43Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ud/Dw7jdMtW229JJ/TrgQru6RoV8rVolu4SSf3xtQsswHv9JN7+vrjkkdNH4Gg5DNAPOIrGdgEg4DquGGk5hDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T15:01:19.829558Z"},"content_sha256":"6c25b1644739d5dfcb55d69c8e272eeb49679d20aedae52e652793ad14c1e805","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6c25b1644739d5dfcb55d69c8e272eeb49679d20aedae52e652793ad14c1e805"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GDCMNZRJ4BJPACHE5GWFVYPVGV/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GDCMNZRJ4BJPACHE5GWFVYPVGV/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GDCMNZRJ4BJPACHE5GWFVYPVGV/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-28T15:01:19Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/GDCMNZRJ4BJPACHE5GWFVYPVGV","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/GDCMNZRJ4BJPACHE5GWFVYPVGV/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/GDCMNZRJ4BJPACHE5GWFVYPVGV/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GDCMNZRJ4BJPACHE5GWFVYPVGV/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2009:GDCMNZRJ4BJPACHE5GWFVYPVGV","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1c385076730c555ac58a53276fea415c2d464275512d5a2eb7cc50f93325a4ac","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2009-06-22T22:21:18Z","title_canon_sha256":"e1554eac77fa56bb713216ef9a382ea522ab5f132f8ecdc71502ab9dbf59b746"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0906.4139","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0906.4139","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:24:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0906.4139v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:24:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0906.4139","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:24:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GDCMNZRJ4BJP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GDCMNZRJ4BJPACHE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GDCMNZRJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:59Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:6c25b1644739d5dfcb55d69c8e272eeb49679d20aedae52e652793ad14c1e805","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:24:43Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In an attempt to look for a viable mechanism leading to a present-day accelerated expansion, we investigate the possibility that the observed cosmic speed up may be recovered in the framework of the Rastall's theory, relying on the non-conservativity of the stress-energy tensor, i.e. $T^{\\mu}_{\\nu ; \\mu} \\neq 0$. We derive the modified Friedmann equations and show that they correspond to Cardassian-like equations. We also show that, under suitable assumptions on the equation of state of the matter term sourcing the gravitational field, it is indeed possible to get an accelerated expansion, in ","authors_text":"Matteo Luca Ruggiero, Monica Capone, Vincenzo Fabrizio Cardone","cross_cats":["gr-qc"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2009-06-22T22:21:18Z","title":"Accelerating cosmology in Rastall's theory"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0906.4139","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:871c60697d17ae44465ab99c688c673586cc3bc5db6825cec4bd7b4930ce4ab1","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:24:43Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1c385076730c555ac58a53276fea415c2d464275512d5a2eb7cc50f93325a4ac","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2009-06-22T22:21:18Z","title_canon_sha256":"e1554eac77fa56bb713216ef9a382ea522ab5f132f8ecdc71502ab9dbf59b746"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0906.4139","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"30c4c6e629e052f008e4e9ac5ae1f53567de6ec1cffaeb928f7367065567c416","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"30c4c6e629e052f008e4e9ac5ae1f53567de6ec1cffaeb928f7367065567c416","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:24:43.990721Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:24:43.990721Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"dU1wtbzLxR2B/csM7/2N6/RgNUhCNoU62/pVQBCvmlRA6/6nAnwTq1lAeGnDOV+TnDcTC8SgyAtY+hrYxy7hCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:24:43.991097Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"0906.4139","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:871c60697d17ae44465ab99c688c673586cc3bc5db6825cec4bd7b4930ce4ab1","sha256:6c25b1644739d5dfcb55d69c8e272eeb49679d20aedae52e652793ad14c1e805"],"state_sha256":"e30e56d889a7ab8722ebcc77add460a41f246dd120e49193bf06573bc81702ea"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3lFVE12xXPfOR9HCcILaCydQQkaFdTFR3XGSXHG2VCYnLTIETnERv8KWMnQ6Mqff6CDYG3fUqAvJrAawuQMwCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T15:01:19.831436Z","bundle_sha256":"6d45410c793510f2a7710f2578f378838be8f18c412ba9b50c0a67516f6ba9bd"}}