{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:GDU7N3V4TLDQG7EDGTUDVXJWUQ","short_pith_number":"pith:GDU7N3V4","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1809.03904","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"econ.EM","submitted_at":"2018-09-11T13:58:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ME"],"title_canon_sha256":"097754865cf91784dbda08ccc8657faf7c50d10bcd4eae0b3bfe4d4c7aa30e76","abstract_canon_sha256":"3f33188039918b29132e5179327eb6c84c143d6916c78e7076ff1348544b51a5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"30e9f6eebc9ac7037c8334e83add36a4176ba55c133ce76588da501a8dca69a8","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1809.03904","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1809.03904","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1809.03904v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1809.03904","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GDU7N3V4TLDQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GDU7N3V4TLDQG7ED","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GDU7N3V4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:25Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:GDU7N3V4TLDQG7EDGTUDVXJWUQ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1809.03904","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"econ.EM","submitted_at":"2018-09-11T13:58:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ME"],"title_canon_sha256":"097754865cf91784dbda08ccc8657faf7c50d10bcd4eae0b3bfe4d4c7aa30e76","abstract_canon_sha256":"3f33188039918b29132e5179327eb6c84c143d6916c78e7076ff1348544b51a5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"30e9f6eebc9ac7037c8334e83add36a4176ba55c133ce76588da501a8dca69a8","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:58.204423Z","signature_b64":"xKDvP6NTBIklsliAwxE7p/YVhXnaoj17nWPW1FWaNe0XwUx9WmRgcDSE8aJJjNq+MwKxHHx3lobvdi4zhzlNBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"30e9f6eebc9ac7037c8334e83add36a4176ba55c133ce76588da501a8dca69a8","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:58.203659Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:58.203659Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1809.03904","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"utPk9DzbN2KuEXt5C6VNdLkb4bVcT0jHa1QrZaesnoV51B8dUJ6A//iYWPYZT7wVHjTej9XR9Lbl3diTAi8eBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T15:41:31.796387Z"},"content_sha256":"6086280f59eacdb2c35b7fb9457b85b8a1236e70890259f145fbd862eb6921eb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6086280f59eacdb2c35b7fb9457b85b8a1236e70890259f145fbd862eb6921eb"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:GDU7N3V4TLDQG7EDGTUDVXJWUQ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Regression Discontinuity Designs Using Covariates","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["stat.ME"],"primary_cat":"econ.EM","authors_text":"Matias D. Cattaneo, Max H. Farrell, Rocio Titiunik, Sebastian Calonico","submitted_at":"2018-09-11T13:58:17Z","abstract_excerpt":"We study regression discontinuity designs when covariates are included in the estimation. We examine local polynomial estimators that include discrete or continuous covariates in an additive separable way, but without imposing any parametric restrictions on the underlying population regression functions. We recommend a covariate-adjustment approach that retains consistency under intuitive conditions, and characterize the potential for estimation and inference improvements. We also present new covariate-adjusted mean squared error expansions and robust bias-corrected inference procedures, with "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1809.03904","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4eqtRTK5SPhSIaPOqdYBXauqGRZziC9q5ppSj56grfuG0IubxWnDU5f1/sbOwj5ftqwBw+N9i/IMznRxVwFPBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T15:41:31.797042Z"},"content_sha256":"5ab2ca5e5e113da16557d3e0753a639ae20c59ad1a9d69bababc901354b17008","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5ab2ca5e5e113da16557d3e0753a639ae20c59ad1a9d69bababc901354b17008"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GDU7N3V4TLDQG7EDGTUDVXJWUQ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GDU7N3V4TLDQG7EDGTUDVXJWUQ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GDU7N3V4TLDQG7EDGTUDVXJWUQ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-08T15:41:31Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/GDU7N3V4TLDQG7EDGTUDVXJWUQ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/GDU7N3V4TLDQG7EDGTUDVXJWUQ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/GDU7N3V4TLDQG7EDGTUDVXJWUQ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GDU7N3V4TLDQG7EDGTUDVXJWUQ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:GDU7N3V4TLDQG7EDGTUDVXJWUQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3f33188039918b29132e5179327eb6c84c143d6916c78e7076ff1348544b51a5","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ME"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"econ.EM","submitted_at":"2018-09-11T13:58:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"097754865cf91784dbda08ccc8657faf7c50d10bcd4eae0b3bfe4d4c7aa30e76"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1809.03904","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1809.03904","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1809.03904v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1809.03904","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GDU7N3V4TLDQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GDU7N3V4TLDQG7ED","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GDU7N3V4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:25Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:5ab2ca5e5e113da16557d3e0753a639ae20c59ad1a9d69bababc901354b17008","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We study regression discontinuity designs when covariates are included in the estimation. We examine local polynomial estimators that include discrete or continuous covariates in an additive separable way, but without imposing any parametric restrictions on the underlying population regression functions. We recommend a covariate-adjustment approach that retains consistency under intuitive conditions, and characterize the potential for estimation and inference improvements. We also present new covariate-adjusted mean squared error expansions and robust bias-corrected inference procedures, with ","authors_text":"Matias D. Cattaneo, Max H. Farrell, Rocio Titiunik, Sebastian Calonico","cross_cats":["stat.ME"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"econ.EM","submitted_at":"2018-09-11T13:58:17Z","title":"Regression Discontinuity Designs Using Covariates"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1809.03904","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:6086280f59eacdb2c35b7fb9457b85b8a1236e70890259f145fbd862eb6921eb","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3f33188039918b29132e5179327eb6c84c143d6916c78e7076ff1348544b51a5","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ME"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"econ.EM","submitted_at":"2018-09-11T13:58:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"097754865cf91784dbda08ccc8657faf7c50d10bcd4eae0b3bfe4d4c7aa30e76"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1809.03904","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"30e9f6eebc9ac7037c8334e83add36a4176ba55c133ce76588da501a8dca69a8","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"30e9f6eebc9ac7037c8334e83add36a4176ba55c133ce76588da501a8dca69a8","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:58.203659Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:58.203659Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"xKDvP6NTBIklsliAwxE7p/YVhXnaoj17nWPW1FWaNe0XwUx9WmRgcDSE8aJJjNq+MwKxHHx3lobvdi4zhzlNBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:58.204423Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1809.03904","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:6086280f59eacdb2c35b7fb9457b85b8a1236e70890259f145fbd862eb6921eb","sha256:5ab2ca5e5e113da16557d3e0753a639ae20c59ad1a9d69bababc901354b17008"],"state_sha256":"372eb84db6cb2fba07075b67438776020e07af86646f1f86a54fc264d0c27a0a"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"wwUE+C4h5nyECYiVYBCu51ylu51DwEu1F/DRa/rbi4eHVWzfowWD20bNLhBAk4OkwH/WmEFjyfVYaiUp/bWVCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T15:41:31.800373Z","bundle_sha256":"82642cedb85f388fad03554d598a22b90ab852862b8b17ffa77075de4918a07f"}}