{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:GE4WC7UMYSFIFGHEXET2OUVVNG","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4994ea51564a15a3afe05a88792cc35fab1912668f89a3d0f0bc53ec28687ce3","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2019-09-04T19:09:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"90db0fe93376b7e3f6ee39551f20342474234d40eff4225534332240d5c3a1c3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1909.02061","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1909.02061","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:48:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1909.02061v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:48:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1909.02061","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:48:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GE4WC7UMYSFI","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:48:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GE4WC7UMYSFIFGHE","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:48:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GE4WC7UM","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:48:16Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:6ea3445abfb61409c19fbc0e99c82911f9684772fde68b8307f3ae2c45412bcc","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:48:16Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1909.02061/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Deep learning has permeated through many aspects of computing/processing systems in recent years. While distributed training architectures/frameworks are adopted for training large deep learning models quickly, there has not been a systematic study of the communication bottlenecks of these architectures and their effects on the computation cycle time and scalability. In order to analyze this problem for synchronous Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) training of deep learning models, we developed a performance model of computation time and communication latency under three different system archi","authors_text":"Murat Demirbas, Salem Alqahtani","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2019-09-04T19:09:38Z","title":"Performance Analysis and Comparison of Distributed Machine Learning Systems"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1909.02061","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1a8d85052996ee26c03af7ed2fdae11a3d2d63ecf6e67f0398c2d61abb829afb","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:48:16Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4994ea51564a15a3afe05a88792cc35fab1912668f89a3d0f0bc53ec28687ce3","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2019-09-04T19:09:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"90db0fe93376b7e3f6ee39551f20342474234d40eff4225534332240d5c3a1c3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1909.02061","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"3139617e8cc48a8298e4b927a752b569a9af9d50eab520bb6c3cfed3718e6292","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3139617e8cc48a8298e4b927a752b569a9af9d50eab520bb6c3cfed3718e6292","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:48:16.248545Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:48:16.248545Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"lssNAV9JthDEIiT8vRV0uZ6aRUjmRvhSgc48l4/i2x6dlP4qVaOhm8Ty6I0qvCVbvPAS/gcYfDn/jXb2Uo3gBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:48:16.248933Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1909.02061","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1a8d85052996ee26c03af7ed2fdae11a3d2d63ecf6e67f0398c2d61abb829afb","sha256:6ea3445abfb61409c19fbc0e99c82911f9684772fde68b8307f3ae2c45412bcc"],"state_sha256":"51ac46e7bb90737a59770f318023c55ae0fa261aa18615b77df396f6d3e71e17"}