{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2020:GEMOSBF7R7QWYFZDE7HFUQB3HB","short_pith_number":"pith:GEMOSBF7","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"3118e904bf8fe16c172327ce5a403b386eca15842fc721e714aeb791f60804eb","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2007.10722","version":3},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Primordial Black Holes as a dark matter candidate","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"The detection of gravitational waves has renewed interest in primordial black holes as a dark matter candidate.","cross_cats":["hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Anne M. Green, Bradley J. Kavanagh","submitted_at":"2020-07-21T11:25:21Z","abstract_excerpt":"The detection of gravitational waves from mergers of tens of Solar mass black hole binaries has led to a surge in interest in Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) as a dark matter candidate. We aim to provide a (relatively) concise overview of the status of PBHs as a dark matter candidate, circa Summer 2020. First we review the formation of PBHs in the early Universe, focusing mainly on PBHs formed via the collapse of large density perturbations generated by inflation. Then we review the various current and future constraints on the present day abundance of PBHs. We conclude with a discussion of the "},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":true},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2007.10722","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2020-07-21T11:25:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"36a24f5b665ad38c31e226a5efe385041457f2a05d5d74503bcba789b75efe7d","abstract_canon_sha256":"17e448d61a014858132f35d6f617e2d7868b41e2af5aea94f1180b5d13c4997f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:19.852889Z","signature_b64":"Yt1o1SenTjKx8SaAzvw/I89X/IcqtUDY5T9p7+5Fow78WUODp5w0xDH65B9ij+ZsxCvx941axDYZ2wTLHMh/Ag==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3118e904bf8fe16c172327ce5a403b386eca15842fc721e714aeb791f60804eb","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:19.852245Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:19.852245Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Primordial Black Holes as a dark matter candidate","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"The detection of gravitational waves has renewed interest in primordial black holes as a dark matter candidate.","cross_cats":["hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Anne M. Green, Bradley J. Kavanagh","submitted_at":"2020-07-21T11:25:21Z","abstract_excerpt":"The detection of gravitational waves from mergers of tens of Solar mass black hole binaries has led to a surge in interest in Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) as a dark matter candidate. We aim to provide a (relatively) concise overview of the status of PBHs as a dark matter candidate, circa Summer 2020. First we review the formation of PBHs in the early Universe, focusing mainly on PBHs formed via the collapse of large density perturbations generated by inflation. Then we review the various current and future constraints on the present day abundance of PBHs. We conclude with a discussion of the "},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"The detection of gravitational waves from mergers of tens of Solar mass black hole binaries has led to a surge in interest in Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) as a dark matter candidate.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"The review assumes that existing constraints from lensing, CMB, and GW data can be combined without major systematic tensions or unaccounted formation channels.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"The paper reviews formation mechanisms for primordial black holes and observational limits on their contribution to dark matter as of summer 2020.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"The detection of gravitational waves has renewed interest in primordial black holes as a dark matter candidate.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"3cfc4aac5077e270e804c7551b2ef5e6783cd86ca9dda49e63140d07bf19232e"},"source":{"id":"2007.10722","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":"9dc99ff1-4347-4e7f-961a-8e3927414a4b","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-14T23:24:52.507607Z","strongest_claim":"The detection of gravitational waves from mergers of tens of Solar mass black hole binaries has led to a surge in interest in Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) as a dark matter candidate.","one_line_summary":"The paper reviews formation mechanisms for primordial black holes and observational limits on their contribution to dark matter as of summer 2020.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"The review assumes that existing constraints from lensing, CMB, and GW data can be combined without major systematic tensions or unaccounted formation channels.","pith_extraction_headline":"The detection of gravitational waves has renewed interest in primordial black holes as a dark matter candidate."},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":1,"snapshot_sha256":"c7ac691b3a97a9e45d16fcb9662ad63cc1d2142ea04e22c7f3c9b6c1dbd186aa"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2007.10722","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:19.852336+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2007.10722v3","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:19.852336+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2007.10722","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:19.852336+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GEMOSBF7R7QW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33.725879+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GEMOSBF7R7QWYFZD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33.725879+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GEMOSBF7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33.725879+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":67,"internal_anchor_count":67,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2607.08738","citing_title":"The statistics of curvature-profile dispersion in primordial black hole formation","ref_index":5,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2607.07011","citing_title":"Primordial black hole in Lorentz-violating theories: Insights from Bumblebee gravity","ref_index":51,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2606.25190","citing_title":"A Solar-System Window for Hidden Stellar Companions","ref_index":15,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2606.25031","citing_title":"The swallowed spike: the formation of light primordial black hole structures around heavy seeds","ref_index":4,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2606.26532","citing_title":"Primordial black hole formation in bulk-viscous cosmology","ref_index":7,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2606.23846","citing_title":"Primordial Black Holes: A Review of Formation and Evolution","ref_index":24,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2606.12775","citing_title":"Are Primordial Black Holes a Natural Dark Matter Candidate?","ref_index":28,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2607.01697","citing_title":"Gravitational Waves from Multiple First-Order Phase Transitions in a Scenario with Early Matter Domination","ref_index":8,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2607.01818","citing_title":"Gravitational Waves from Primordial Black Holes: Connecting Low-Frequency Scalar-Induced Signatures to High-Frequency Binary Mergers","ref_index":11,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2606.09690","citing_title":"Stochastic constant-roll inflation beyond the hilltop with the spectral method","ref_index":8,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2606.06355","citing_title":"$\\tt BlackHawk$ $\\tt v3.0$: Hawking Radiation from Regular Black Holes","ref_index":79,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2606.06587","citing_title":"A New Origin of the Big Bang from Dark-Sector-Induced Vacuum Decay and Its Gravitational-Wave Signal","ref_index":46,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2606.05133","citing_title":"CMB Bounds on Primordial Black Holes via Radiation Capture","ref_index":11,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2606.28296","citing_title":"Memoirs of the curvaton: non-perturbative non-Gaussianity and supermassive primordial black holes","ref_index":163,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2606.28247","citing_title":"Cancellation of one-loop time dependence in superhorizon curvature perturbations from all scales","ref_index":25,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2606.31629","citing_title":"Ultralight dark matter mixed with primordial black holes","ref_index":24,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2606.31937","citing_title":"PBHs and GWs from Scaling Monopoles","ref_index":8,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2606.31430","citing_title":"One Feature, Three Clocks: Phase-Locked Gravitational Waves, Primordial Black Holes, and Non-Gaussianity from Periodic Warm Inflation","ref_index":63,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2606.31362","citing_title":"Running into tension: primordial black holes from ultra-slow-roll inflation, spectral running, and the Hubble tension","ref_index":12,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2605.26204","citing_title":"Electromagnetic Signatures From Primordial Black Holes in the Solar System","ref_index":16,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2605.26204","citing_title":"Electromagnetic Signatures From Primordial Black Holes in the Solar System","ref_index":16,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2605.30340","citing_title":"Carr criterion and mass gaps in non-singular primordial black hole formation","ref_index":28,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2606.00176","citing_title":"Eigenvalue formulation of Stochastic Inflation and application to large perturbation generating inflationary features","ref_index":4,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2606.02726","citing_title":"Accretion of Primordial Black Holes in Stellar Interiors","ref_index":68,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2606.07505","citing_title":"Primordial Black Hole Triggered Type Ia Supernovae II: Comparison with Supernova Remnants and Galactic Chemical Evolution","ref_index":126,"is_internal_anchor":true}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":1,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/GEMOSBF7R7QWYFZDE7HFUQB3HB","json":"https://pith.science/pith/GEMOSBF7R7QWYFZDE7HFUQB3HB.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/GEMOSBF7R7QWYFZDE7HFUQB3HB/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/GEMOSBF7R7QWYFZDE7HFUQB3HB/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/GEMOSBF7"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/GEMOSBF7R7QWYFZDE7HFUQB3HB","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/GEMOSBF7R7QWYFZDE7HFUQB3HB.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/GEMOSBF7","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2007.10722&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/GEMOSBF7R7QWYFZDE7HFUQB3HB/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/GEMOSBF7R7QWYFZDE7HFUQB3HB/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/GEMOSBF7R7QWYFZDE7HFUQB3HB/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/GEMOSBF7R7QWYFZDE7HFUQB3HB/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/GEMOSBF7R7QWYFZDE7HFUQB3HB/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/GEMOSBF7R7QWYFZDE7HFUQB3HB/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/GEMOSBF7R7QWYFZDE7HFUQB3HB/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:19.852336+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:19.852336+00:00"}