{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:GFABFK5AOTM44RBVATWXZ7QZSH","short_pith_number":"pith:GFABFK5A","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1909.09079","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.RO","submitted_at":"2019-09-19T16:19:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"58ac5e0108034f940f878208a03f039415223fa2aaba2f6fd976c6fa68343870","abstract_canon_sha256":"71cd857dd18b98dc3e4504a291200b9fe6ee78b450d6e60b7f559de3919ccb7f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"314012aba074d9ce443504ed7cfe1991e0b760fca39789cebc87b351e05ba0fd","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1909.09079","version":5},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1909.09079","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:39:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1909.09079v5","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:39:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1909.09079","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:39:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GFABFK5AOTM4","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:39:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GFABFK5AOTM44RBV","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:39:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GFABFK5A","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:39:52Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:GFABFK5AOTM44RBVATWXZ7QZSH","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1909.09079","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.RO","submitted_at":"2019-09-19T16:19:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"58ac5e0108034f940f878208a03f039415223fa2aaba2f6fd976c6fa68343870","abstract_canon_sha256":"71cd857dd18b98dc3e4504a291200b9fe6ee78b450d6e60b7f559de3919ccb7f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"314012aba074d9ce443504ed7cfe1991e0b760fca39789cebc87b351e05ba0fd","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:39:52.958328Z","signature_b64":"rjY4bpIRN8nx6GV81R8Q/HP3/8FRftvhMehD1XFujUgJaR7uuwKCin7/VB6HOXMD9mp/+dfRfTG7kF/volNtDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"314012aba074d9ce443504ed7cfe1991e0b760fca39789cebc87b351e05ba0fd","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:39:52.957929Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:39:52.957929Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1909.09079","source_version":5,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:39:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gGxJXmzczC6R71saQYRBHy1/1vZTOUtPKlCgsq02sMEDkHhc2nTmvuH82AKl2WVTDf9TaxaGbzFfsJ/Szaj8BA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T20:52:51.517755Z"},"content_sha256":"14d93d4faeaa71be11e83bb262671e013cf7b8bc91d65fa4b99f66454898b371","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:14d93d4faeaa71be11e83bb262671e013cf7b8bc91d65fa4b99f66454898b371"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:GFABFK5AOTM44RBVATWXZ7QZSH","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"How to Evaluate Proving Grounds for Self-Driving? A Quantitative Approach","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.RO","authors_text":"Ding Zhao, Mansur Arief, Rui Chen, Weiyang Zhang","submitted_at":"2019-09-19T16:19:24Z","abstract_excerpt":"Proving ground has been a critical component in testing and validation for Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAV). Although quite a few world-class testing facilities have been under construction over the years, the evaluation of proving grounds themselves as testing approaches has rarely been studied. In this paper, we present the first attempt to systematically evaluate CAV proving grounds and contribute to a generative sample-based approach to assessing the representation of traffic scenarios in proving grounds. Leveraging typical use cases extracted from naturalistic driving events, we est"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1909.09079","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1909.09079/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:39:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gAySadfqYIJrgHiihh+YlXHfkbV8kZGmG6U7j+CvyfZUVykEAzgKszZ4PBwwxZC2xuPg+Ptki4KMPV6YmRUdCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T20:52:51.518538Z"},"content_sha256":"775d599d04cdb42dc99521a99648d40d976aadc5102a57b23a7a28a7c54db42e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:775d599d04cdb42dc99521a99648d40d976aadc5102a57b23a7a28a7c54db42e"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GFABFK5AOTM44RBVATWXZ7QZSH/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GFABFK5AOTM44RBVATWXZ7QZSH/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GFABFK5AOTM44RBVATWXZ7QZSH/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-05T20:52:51Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/GFABFK5AOTM44RBVATWXZ7QZSH","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/GFABFK5AOTM44RBVATWXZ7QZSH/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/GFABFK5AOTM44RBVATWXZ7QZSH/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GFABFK5AOTM44RBVATWXZ7QZSH/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:GFABFK5AOTM44RBVATWXZ7QZSH","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"71cd857dd18b98dc3e4504a291200b9fe6ee78b450d6e60b7f559de3919ccb7f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.RO","submitted_at":"2019-09-19T16:19:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"58ac5e0108034f940f878208a03f039415223fa2aaba2f6fd976c6fa68343870"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1909.09079","kind":"arxiv","version":5}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1909.09079","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:39:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1909.09079v5","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:39:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1909.09079","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:39:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GFABFK5AOTM4","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:39:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GFABFK5AOTM44RBV","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:39:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GFABFK5A","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:39:52Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:775d599d04cdb42dc99521a99648d40d976aadc5102a57b23a7a28a7c54db42e","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:39:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1909.09079/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Proving ground has been a critical component in testing and validation for Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAV). Although quite a few world-class testing facilities have been under construction over the years, the evaluation of proving grounds themselves as testing approaches has rarely been studied. In this paper, we present the first attempt to systematically evaluate CAV proving grounds and contribute to a generative sample-based approach to assessing the representation of traffic scenarios in proving grounds. Leveraging typical use cases extracted from naturalistic driving events, we est","authors_text":"Ding Zhao, Mansur Arief, Rui Chen, Weiyang Zhang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.RO","submitted_at":"2019-09-19T16:19:24Z","title":"How to Evaluate Proving Grounds for Self-Driving? A Quantitative Approach"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1909.09079","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:14d93d4faeaa71be11e83bb262671e013cf7b8bc91d65fa4b99f66454898b371","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:39:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"71cd857dd18b98dc3e4504a291200b9fe6ee78b450d6e60b7f559de3919ccb7f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.RO","submitted_at":"2019-09-19T16:19:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"58ac5e0108034f940f878208a03f039415223fa2aaba2f6fd976c6fa68343870"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1909.09079","kind":"arxiv","version":5}},"canonical_sha256":"314012aba074d9ce443504ed7cfe1991e0b760fca39789cebc87b351e05ba0fd","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"314012aba074d9ce443504ed7cfe1991e0b760fca39789cebc87b351e05ba0fd","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:39:52.957929Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:39:52.957929Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"rjY4bpIRN8nx6GV81R8Q/HP3/8FRftvhMehD1XFujUgJaR7uuwKCin7/VB6HOXMD9mp/+dfRfTG7kF/volNtDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:39:52.958328Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1909.09079","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":5}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:14d93d4faeaa71be11e83bb262671e013cf7b8bc91d65fa4b99f66454898b371","sha256:775d599d04cdb42dc99521a99648d40d976aadc5102a57b23a7a28a7c54db42e"],"state_sha256":"a9f93b41e882092d32bbc632ac5a56e6f91c6448ccb93dfde83f24498f262dc8"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"XBrfceupAKUfGSFjuUUdE5OGPJetRWRmbCf3tkN33KMRfBjMDV/QA86Lyan1qeow1keqU+s+WxdlUwL0JA1ZDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T20:52:51.524164Z","bundle_sha256":"4e10124a6dc1bd054c3de9d1b39fa560be51acafe56351c8d28bfa2b1bebb647"}}