{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2021:GGMRZJWK6M6FTWO6N7UXY4R4TF","short_pith_number":"pith:GGMRZJWK","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"31991ca6caf33c59d9de6fe97c723c996fb17f8eb7859527fdd858b8fa84cba5","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2112.11168","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Nonlinear effects in the black hole ringdown: absorption-induced mode excitation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE","hep-th"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Laura Sberna, Luis Lehner, Pablo Bosch, Stephen R. Green, William E. East","submitted_at":"2021-12-21T13:04:18Z","abstract_excerpt":"Gravitational-wave observations of black hole ringdowns are commonly used to characterize binary merger remnants and to test general relativity. These analyses assume linear black hole perturbation theory, in particular that the ringdown can be described in terms of quasinormal modes even for times approaching the merger. Here we investigate a nonlinear effect during the ringdown, namely how a mode excited at early times can excite additional modes as it is absorbed by the black hole. This is a third-order secular effect: the change in the black-hole mass causes a shift in the mode spectrum, s"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2112.11168","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2021-12-21T13:04:18Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"994fe649458cb07ef3a70d63bfee8082c0fd6c077ab6048142c1baa6183c1052","abstract_canon_sha256":"aad157b421f44e61f91b1a67149d866fc8c38b04061cb3c13ed9a52ccab987ab"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:52:46.863580Z","signature_b64":"TMB4v56YKzccyd6CJmS+zp7itPfFMWS2odMfVGHi2URNlgANYXlTRfct1G0o4LRC5kdKGFFBQ1OYjdEollaIBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"31991ca6caf33c59d9de6fe97c723c996fb17f8eb7859527fdd858b8fa84cba5","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:52:46.863104Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:52:46.863104Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Nonlinear effects in the black hole ringdown: absorption-induced mode excitation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE","hep-th"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Laura Sberna, Luis Lehner, Pablo Bosch, Stephen R. Green, William E. East","submitted_at":"2021-12-21T13:04:18Z","abstract_excerpt":"Gravitational-wave observations of black hole ringdowns are commonly used to characterize binary merger remnants and to test general relativity. These analyses assume linear black hole perturbation theory, in particular that the ringdown can be described in terms of quasinormal modes even for times approaching the merger. Here we investigate a nonlinear effect during the ringdown, namely how a mode excited at early times can excite additional modes as it is absorbed by the black hole. This is a third-order secular effect: the change in the black-hole mass causes a shift in the mode spectrum, s"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2112.11168","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2112.11168/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2112.11168","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:52:46.863162+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2112.11168v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:52:46.863162+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2112.11168","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:52:46.863162+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GGMRZJWK6M6F","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:52:46.863162+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GGMRZJWK6M6FTWO6","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:52:46.863162+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GGMRZJWK","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:52:46.863162+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":7,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2606.23804","citing_title":"Black Hole Ringdown Nonlinearities in the Large-D Limit","ref_index":37,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2501.16433","citing_title":"Greybody factors, reflectionless scattering modes, and echoes of ultracompact horizonless objects","ref_index":81,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2511.08692","citing_title":"Excitation factors for horizonless compact objects: long-lived modes, echoes, and greybody factors","ref_index":78,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2509.08054","citing_title":"GW250114: testing Hawking's area law and the Kerr nature of black holes","ref_index":95,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2505.23895","citing_title":"Black hole spectroscopy: from theory to experiment","ref_index":288,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2604.08680","citing_title":"Prompt Response from Plunging Sources in Schwarzschild Spacetime","ref_index":41,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2604.15431","citing_title":"Highly eccentric non-spinning binary black hole mergers: quadrupolar post-merger waveforms","ref_index":174,"is_internal_anchor":false}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/GGMRZJWK6M6FTWO6N7UXY4R4TF","json":"https://pith.science/pith/GGMRZJWK6M6FTWO6N7UXY4R4TF.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/GGMRZJWK6M6FTWO6N7UXY4R4TF/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/GGMRZJWK6M6FTWO6N7UXY4R4TF/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/GGMRZJWK"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/GGMRZJWK6M6FTWO6N7UXY4R4TF","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/GGMRZJWK6M6FTWO6N7UXY4R4TF.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/GGMRZJWK","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2112.11168&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/GGMRZJWK6M6FTWO6N7UXY4R4TF/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/GGMRZJWK6M6FTWO6N7UXY4R4TF/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/GGMRZJWK6M6FTWO6N7UXY4R4TF/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/GGMRZJWK6M6FTWO6N7UXY4R4TF/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/GGMRZJWK6M6FTWO6N7UXY4R4TF/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/GGMRZJWK6M6FTWO6N7UXY4R4TF/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/GGMRZJWK6M6FTWO6N7UXY4R4TF/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:52:46.863162+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T04:52:46.863162+00:00"}