{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:GGPSTYWBYTQMNA3P2PJBXTM3ZD","short_pith_number":"pith:GGPSTYWB","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2407.12664","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.med-ph","submitted_at":"2024-07-17T15:48:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"101d8919e03723c53c7066fca6dc75551248efee48ca7e3571b6e6ba2bbf7bdc","abstract_canon_sha256":"a4d6fecf8b923e89b3707390878fa1df25fe3acb07671f9450a8244591ff9bc9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"319f29e2c1c4e0c6836fd3d21bcd9bc8e2dd693a694116093dbbbce2f3776da6","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2407.12664","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2407.12664","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2407.12664v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2407.12664","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GGPSTYWBYTQM","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GGPSTYWBYTQMNA3P","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GGPSTYWB","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:07Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:GGPSTYWBYTQMNA3P2PJBXTM3ZD","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2407.12664","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.med-ph","submitted_at":"2024-07-17T15:48:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"101d8919e03723c53c7066fca6dc75551248efee48ca7e3571b6e6ba2bbf7bdc","abstract_canon_sha256":"a4d6fecf8b923e89b3707390878fa1df25fe3acb07671f9450a8244591ff9bc9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"319f29e2c1c4e0c6836fd3d21bcd9bc8e2dd693a694116093dbbbce2f3776da6","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:07.965520Z","signature_b64":"xQR7ADwK7/b8o1PAXtYWgJ3KXkMnJPkGnKfOAlVULLmagC83VvAu/pS1OwF1VA2dd9LTN6aJifg2+n0scWZCCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"319f29e2c1c4e0c6836fd3d21bcd9bc8e2dd693a694116093dbbbce2f3776da6","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:07.965036Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:07.965036Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2407.12664","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:07Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YTEQVnJzRkJbwWyObvKfFfdG6n80HSz0GsU4FWpG/lOp9lUxjX+fVbjFFOoIBzp1Und5kWpq2JejcV4Vu1Z/BA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-11T17:47:58.553275Z"},"content_sha256":"953ec7493eae82d2ac6421650f6476f5317a29e8eae698d3dda5744e313723ff","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:953ec7493eae82d2ac6421650f6476f5317a29e8eae698d3dda5744e313723ff"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:GGPSTYWBYTQMNA3P2PJBXTM3ZD","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Realistic wave-optics simulation of X-ray dark-field imaging at a human scale","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.med-ph","authors_text":"Brandon Nelson, Rajiv Gupta, Yongjin Sung","submitted_at":"2024-07-17T15:48:17Z","abstract_excerpt":"Background: X-ray dark-field imaging (XDFI) has been explored to provide superior performance over the conventional X-ray imaging for the diagnosis of many pathologic conditions. A simulation tool to reliably predict clinical XDFI images at a human scale, however, is currently missing. Purpose: In this paper, we demonstrate XDFI simulation at a human scale for the first time to the best of our knowledge. Using the developed simulation tool, we demonstrate the strengths and limitations of XDFI for the diagnosis of emphysema, fibrosis, atelectasis, edema, and pneumonia.\n  Methods: We augment the"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2407.12664","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2407.12664/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:07Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"S6wDaVQht8xSTOo1c1iVEZCxx+CqIl5qyOOYILPqIzyJxMTCsCqX0jULJKyyPGYDWFRQ9Xs4VShK7SKVdQYpAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-11T17:47:58.553657Z"},"content_sha256":"f1bbe6e6131f64958a52df9459c25cf0f7eb853de97e513eec729b57c61368a3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f1bbe6e6131f64958a52df9459c25cf0f7eb853de97e513eec729b57c61368a3"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GGPSTYWBYTQMNA3P2PJBXTM3ZD/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GGPSTYWBYTQMNA3P2PJBXTM3ZD/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GGPSTYWBYTQMNA3P2PJBXTM3ZD/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-11T17:47:58Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/GGPSTYWBYTQMNA3P2PJBXTM3ZD","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/GGPSTYWBYTQMNA3P2PJBXTM3ZD/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/GGPSTYWBYTQMNA3P2PJBXTM3ZD/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GGPSTYWBYTQMNA3P2PJBXTM3ZD/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:GGPSTYWBYTQMNA3P2PJBXTM3ZD","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a4d6fecf8b923e89b3707390878fa1df25fe3acb07671f9450a8244591ff9bc9","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.med-ph","submitted_at":"2024-07-17T15:48:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"101d8919e03723c53c7066fca6dc75551248efee48ca7e3571b6e6ba2bbf7bdc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2407.12664","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2407.12664","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2407.12664v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2407.12664","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GGPSTYWBYTQM","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GGPSTYWBYTQMNA3P","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GGPSTYWB","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:07Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f1bbe6e6131f64958a52df9459c25cf0f7eb853de97e513eec729b57c61368a3","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2407.12664/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Background: X-ray dark-field imaging (XDFI) has been explored to provide superior performance over the conventional X-ray imaging for the diagnosis of many pathologic conditions. A simulation tool to reliably predict clinical XDFI images at a human scale, however, is currently missing. Purpose: In this paper, we demonstrate XDFI simulation at a human scale for the first time to the best of our knowledge. Using the developed simulation tool, we demonstrate the strengths and limitations of XDFI for the diagnosis of emphysema, fibrosis, atelectasis, edema, and pneumonia.\n  Methods: We augment the","authors_text":"Brandon Nelson, Rajiv Gupta, Yongjin Sung","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.med-ph","submitted_at":"2024-07-17T15:48:17Z","title":"Realistic wave-optics simulation of X-ray dark-field imaging at a human scale"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2407.12664","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:953ec7493eae82d2ac6421650f6476f5317a29e8eae698d3dda5744e313723ff","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a4d6fecf8b923e89b3707390878fa1df25fe3acb07671f9450a8244591ff9bc9","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.med-ph","submitted_at":"2024-07-17T15:48:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"101d8919e03723c53c7066fca6dc75551248efee48ca7e3571b6e6ba2bbf7bdc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2407.12664","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"319f29e2c1c4e0c6836fd3d21bcd9bc8e2dd693a694116093dbbbce2f3776da6","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"319f29e2c1c4e0c6836fd3d21bcd9bc8e2dd693a694116093dbbbce2f3776da6","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:07.965036Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:07.965036Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"xQR7ADwK7/b8o1PAXtYWgJ3KXkMnJPkGnKfOAlVULLmagC83VvAu/pS1OwF1VA2dd9LTN6aJifg2+n0scWZCCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:45:07.965520Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2407.12664","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:953ec7493eae82d2ac6421650f6476f5317a29e8eae698d3dda5744e313723ff","sha256:f1bbe6e6131f64958a52df9459c25cf0f7eb853de97e513eec729b57c61368a3"],"state_sha256":"c5e15bd345da9c0131a85def0f6f2806e0a60882fd47fe611d39a92499167f33"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"np7jTS5iVwO2jhx/NZJNC0/b5PzLgZ28todQfuIK6VUt6snobOy7ii1YD7qeHcidp/mAJZsK7GPCmQaSg+aFAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-11T17:47:58.555764Z","bundle_sha256":"31780718e8f11c5ebb1688417a703bd965cee6f2ed3cc758b8f0d5fbf8b1eb76"}}