{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:GH4P3NSU5QG26HRQG5C35P5HDI","short_pith_number":"pith:GH4P3NSU","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2405.14720","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.IV","submitted_at":"2024-05-23T15:49:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV"],"title_canon_sha256":"83fcb07a879e0c0d632bc4dc3238bd2b974ca7d3496457b342d53e653775fe26","abstract_canon_sha256":"fa3611618fb57f9d483cff0167ae1fffbf530d0b906a8255d001777f47edc69c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"31f8fdb654ec0daf1e303745bebfa71a31fa1f2d6911e58f4cf73b8ba704b82d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2405.14720","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2405.14720","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2405.14720v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2405.14720","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GH4P3NSU5QG2","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GH4P3NSU5QG26HRQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GH4P3NSU","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:35Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:GH4P3NSU5QG26HRQG5C35P5HDI","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2405.14720","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.IV","submitted_at":"2024-05-23T15:49:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV"],"title_canon_sha256":"83fcb07a879e0c0d632bc4dc3238bd2b974ca7d3496457b342d53e653775fe26","abstract_canon_sha256":"fa3611618fb57f9d483cff0167ae1fffbf530d0b906a8255d001777f47edc69c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"31f8fdb654ec0daf1e303745bebfa71a31fa1f2d6911e58f4cf73b8ba704b82d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:35.296411Z","signature_b64":"lyxLmVl7nDQKJt55Y27JY2v7ZZRw0Zr2teziv2rXhnMNy4Q4hR5AEEpi9SMqQULr01WlYhkwoh4zO+RFCQpGAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"31f8fdb654ec0daf1e303745bebfa71a31fa1f2d6911e58f4cf73b8ba704b82d","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:35.295822Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:35.295822Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2405.14720","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/cwfPp8IKD3uBPbWo4ylKtXrKnNR5En84VOLKF8CbSEr3sU9aXmZCY95iEhS765gG19oYsuS9pPQiAaUrQoJCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T10:18:00.477856Z"},"content_sha256":"e4c5cc7cff65df2fa4bc8ba1169681a407f73806fb6d827154d34d5ed6a8c74e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e4c5cc7cff65df2fa4bc8ba1169681a407f73806fb6d827154d34d5ed6a8c74e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:GH4P3NSU5QG26HRQG5C35P5HDI","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Convolutional Neural Network Model Observers Discount Signal-like Anatomical Structures During Search in Virtual Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Phantoms","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CV"],"primary_cat":"eess.IV","authors_text":"Aditya Jonnalagadda, Andrew D.A. Maidment, Bruno B. Barufaldi, Craig K. Abbey, Miguel P. Eckstein, Susan P. Weinstein","submitted_at":"2024-05-23T15:49:42Z","abstract_excerpt":"Model observers are computational tools to evaluate and optimize task-based medical image quality. Linear model observers, such as the Channelized Hotelling Observer (CHO), predict human accuracy in detection tasks with a few possible signal locations in clinical phantoms or real anatomic backgrounds. In recent years, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been proposed as a new type of model observer. What is not well understood is what CNNs add over the more common linear model observer approaches. We compare the CHO and CNN detection accuracy to the radiologist's accuracy in searching fo"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2405.14720","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2405.14720/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"weiK++C3eqtJCv96TjEIYb8oZr+yIA5qPo/t5Ne1lIyxzbSjN9nD55Z/jPaudkEbwWeGw1TrQf03+w1YL9/iBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T10:18:00.478387Z"},"content_sha256":"045bb6dbe20a86fe388d9dd442e8bdf2570e8700b8a39a23316c84ff2f3c8010","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:045bb6dbe20a86fe388d9dd442e8bdf2570e8700b8a39a23316c84ff2f3c8010"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GH4P3NSU5QG26HRQG5C35P5HDI/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GH4P3NSU5QG26HRQG5C35P5HDI/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GH4P3NSU5QG26HRQG5C35P5HDI/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-15T10:18:00Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/GH4P3NSU5QG26HRQG5C35P5HDI","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/GH4P3NSU5QG26HRQG5C35P5HDI/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/GH4P3NSU5QG26HRQG5C35P5HDI/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GH4P3NSU5QG26HRQG5C35P5HDI/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:GH4P3NSU5QG26HRQG5C35P5HDI","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fa3611618fb57f9d483cff0167ae1fffbf530d0b906a8255d001777f47edc69c","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.IV","submitted_at":"2024-05-23T15:49:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"83fcb07a879e0c0d632bc4dc3238bd2b974ca7d3496457b342d53e653775fe26"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2405.14720","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2405.14720","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2405.14720v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2405.14720","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GH4P3NSU5QG2","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GH4P3NSU5QG26HRQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GH4P3NSU","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:35Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:045bb6dbe20a86fe388d9dd442e8bdf2570e8700b8a39a23316c84ff2f3c8010","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2405.14720/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Model observers are computational tools to evaluate and optimize task-based medical image quality. Linear model observers, such as the Channelized Hotelling Observer (CHO), predict human accuracy in detection tasks with a few possible signal locations in clinical phantoms or real anatomic backgrounds. In recent years, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been proposed as a new type of model observer. What is not well understood is what CNNs add over the more common linear model observer approaches. We compare the CHO and CNN detection accuracy to the radiologist's accuracy in searching fo","authors_text":"Aditya Jonnalagadda, Andrew D.A. Maidment, Bruno B. Barufaldi, Craig K. Abbey, Miguel P. Eckstein, Susan P. Weinstein","cross_cats":["cs.CV"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.IV","submitted_at":"2024-05-23T15:49:42Z","title":"Convolutional Neural Network Model Observers Discount Signal-like Anatomical Structures During Search in Virtual Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Phantoms"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2405.14720","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e4c5cc7cff65df2fa4bc8ba1169681a407f73806fb6d827154d34d5ed6a8c74e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fa3611618fb57f9d483cff0167ae1fffbf530d0b906a8255d001777f47edc69c","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.IV","submitted_at":"2024-05-23T15:49:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"83fcb07a879e0c0d632bc4dc3238bd2b974ca7d3496457b342d53e653775fe26"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2405.14720","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"31f8fdb654ec0daf1e303745bebfa71a31fa1f2d6911e58f4cf73b8ba704b82d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"31f8fdb654ec0daf1e303745bebfa71a31fa1f2d6911e58f4cf73b8ba704b82d","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:35.295822Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:35.295822Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"lyxLmVl7nDQKJt55Y27JY2v7ZZRw0Zr2teziv2rXhnMNy4Q4hR5AEEpi9SMqQULr01WlYhkwoh4zO+RFCQpGAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:35.296411Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2405.14720","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e4c5cc7cff65df2fa4bc8ba1169681a407f73806fb6d827154d34d5ed6a8c74e","sha256:045bb6dbe20a86fe388d9dd442e8bdf2570e8700b8a39a23316c84ff2f3c8010"],"state_sha256":"5ae2bc6821841b9064f221b217d4833f6680b51d2862b75e03da1825de2f4685"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mvDrclAMj+yH5Qev7IsaDwisBynNgoNzZ+I1Tj3jWm3M0oC+TWRkAmGrCOVBj00zoDIrGkAKJKUnKUuu5NlvDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T10:18:00.483941Z","bundle_sha256":"c885ab8fb91047ba8484157357e2a10690279724549ddbbf5c572a3a802beaf6"}}