{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:GHWXFD3C6GDPQY4I5AIT6GBKHC","short_pith_number":"pith:GHWXFD3C","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2001.10999","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2020-01-29T18:13:12Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"7172caa2b5af02e51128ee228d3202c4f00fad4d8a6a684da1ebeda5ce57c24e","abstract_canon_sha256":"8bd963bb983cb0d6972dc734de5ddfee15fd6a5da1ca3057161f079a0a22cc1b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"31ed728f62f186f86388e8113f182a38ab8f204648531cfaf1f66acbef950610","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2001.10999","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2001.10999","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2001.10999v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2001.10999","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GHWXFD3C6GDP","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GHWXFD3C6GDPQY4I","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GHWXFD3C","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:14Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:GHWXFD3C6GDPQY4I5AIT6GBKHC","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2001.10999","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2020-01-29T18:13:12Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"7172caa2b5af02e51128ee228d3202c4f00fad4d8a6a684da1ebeda5ce57c24e","abstract_canon_sha256":"8bd963bb983cb0d6972dc734de5ddfee15fd6a5da1ca3057161f079a0a22cc1b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"31ed728f62f186f86388e8113f182a38ab8f204648531cfaf1f66acbef950610","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:14.252831Z","signature_b64":"enbE/0I/S5p/rchAoAnQFHyMNQWF7afaWcCLjIZF9LjBfHmScAW2LoYTutIYTPKShcXnQ9w0mKBXZXCOfBU4AQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"31ed728f62f186f86388e8113f182a38ab8f204648531cfaf1f66acbef950610","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:14.252438Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:14.252438Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2001.10999","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:14Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nc7PsCUqfbKKJPYfmr1zd3lOplgAG8Zbl15grgyCmEniYafL8gNm6s+8hYI8W8C0G1bX1cmytFG9U1nAr2k7Ag==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T17:28:07.427443Z"},"content_sha256":"24e3c4a5ee5d86364d8e0861942d40619e36ec9860a44c2a8e9dd68ad43467a9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:24e3c4a5ee5d86364d8e0861942d40619e36ec9860a44c2a8e9dd68ad43467a9"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:GHWXFD3C6GDPQY4I5AIT6GBKHC","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A4 : Evading Learning-based Adblockers","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Kevin S. Chan, Shasha Li, Shitong Zhu, Srikanth V. Krishnamurthy, Umar Iqbal, Xun Chen, Zhiyun Qian, Zhongjie Wang, Zubair Shafiq","submitted_at":"2020-01-29T18:13:12Z","abstract_excerpt":"Efforts by online ad publishers to circumvent traditional ad blockers towards regaining fiduciary benefits, have been demonstrably successful. As a result, there have recently emerged a set of adblockers that apply machine learning instead of manually curated rules and have been shown to be more robust in blocking ads on websites including social media sites such as Facebook. Among these, AdGraph is arguably the state-of-the-art learning-based adblocker. In this paper, we develop A4, a tool that intelligently crafts adversarial samples of ads to evade AdGraph. Unlike the popular research on ad"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2001.10999","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2001.10999/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:14Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"51TR84g+2qip2wUUztMVbxABNmIMEGdbY6vmZqkmSuxlhDt7pAhrgn/uR1LTGlFxQtvPdZm5OVLHo9jJ6V5jBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T17:28:07.427960Z"},"content_sha256":"7df6201a796931fec7af7fe35dfb9ebdb3bf060c88d5e83d32ea22c5c819fd86","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7df6201a796931fec7af7fe35dfb9ebdb3bf060c88d5e83d32ea22c5c819fd86"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GHWXFD3C6GDPQY4I5AIT6GBKHC/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GHWXFD3C6GDPQY4I5AIT6GBKHC/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GHWXFD3C6GDPQY4I5AIT6GBKHC/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-03T17:28:07Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/GHWXFD3C6GDPQY4I5AIT6GBKHC","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/GHWXFD3C6GDPQY4I5AIT6GBKHC/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/GHWXFD3C6GDPQY4I5AIT6GBKHC/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GHWXFD3C6GDPQY4I5AIT6GBKHC/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:GHWXFD3C6GDPQY4I5AIT6GBKHC","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8bd963bb983cb0d6972dc734de5ddfee15fd6a5da1ca3057161f079a0a22cc1b","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2020-01-29T18:13:12Z","title_canon_sha256":"7172caa2b5af02e51128ee228d3202c4f00fad4d8a6a684da1ebeda5ce57c24e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2001.10999","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2001.10999","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2001.10999v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2001.10999","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GHWXFD3C6GDP","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GHWXFD3C6GDPQY4I","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GHWXFD3C","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:14Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7df6201a796931fec7af7fe35dfb9ebdb3bf060c88d5e83d32ea22c5c819fd86","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:14Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2001.10999/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Efforts by online ad publishers to circumvent traditional ad blockers towards regaining fiduciary benefits, have been demonstrably successful. As a result, there have recently emerged a set of adblockers that apply machine learning instead of manually curated rules and have been shown to be more robust in blocking ads on websites including social media sites such as Facebook. Among these, AdGraph is arguably the state-of-the-art learning-based adblocker. In this paper, we develop A4, a tool that intelligently crafts adversarial samples of ads to evade AdGraph. Unlike the popular research on ad","authors_text":"Kevin S. Chan, Shasha Li, Shitong Zhu, Srikanth V. Krishnamurthy, Umar Iqbal, Xun Chen, Zhiyun Qian, Zhongjie Wang, Zubair Shafiq","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2020-01-29T18:13:12Z","title":"A4 : Evading Learning-based Adblockers"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2001.10999","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:24e3c4a5ee5d86364d8e0861942d40619e36ec9860a44c2a8e9dd68ad43467a9","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:14Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8bd963bb983cb0d6972dc734de5ddfee15fd6a5da1ca3057161f079a0a22cc1b","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2020-01-29T18:13:12Z","title_canon_sha256":"7172caa2b5af02e51128ee228d3202c4f00fad4d8a6a684da1ebeda5ce57c24e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2001.10999","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"31ed728f62f186f86388e8113f182a38ab8f204648531cfaf1f66acbef950610","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"31ed728f62f186f86388e8113f182a38ab8f204648531cfaf1f66acbef950610","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:14.252438Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:14.252438Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"enbE/0I/S5p/rchAoAnQFHyMNQWF7afaWcCLjIZF9LjBfHmScAW2LoYTutIYTPKShcXnQ9w0mKBXZXCOfBU4AQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:37:14.252831Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2001.10999","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:24e3c4a5ee5d86364d8e0861942d40619e36ec9860a44c2a8e9dd68ad43467a9","sha256:7df6201a796931fec7af7fe35dfb9ebdb3bf060c88d5e83d32ea22c5c819fd86"],"state_sha256":"0404446dcfbe0211ce1093d56566a1ca62dcea4740140d3ef27dbc9173b60a6b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"TPEQpjdK8nKMlzn1M44xfztyLl1k/7JnGoN2mGCsa8HEhwof5ewMOQa2h9jXjZu6cCII8EGmYUZGs/S/gLMLCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T17:28:07.431601Z","bundle_sha256":"bae4eac2be5eac220b88cc9f05734a50af6d94f916c0c5abeb8bd8e81901339f"}}